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8 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What drugs are used for acute hyperglycemia? daily, regular diabetes treatment?
quick - CZI, lispro (15-30 onset), aspart (12), glulisine (20)

daily - lente (works 10-16 hours), NPH
What is the first line medication for Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Metformin

biguanide - inhibit the absorption of glucose from the gut, to decrease glucose output by the liver, and to increase glucose uptake in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle
What do sulfonylureas to?
work to promote insulin release from beta-islet cells. Increase insulin sensitivity, therefore increasing glucose uptake into fat and muscle cells. Increased insulin release by beta islet cells because they bind specific receptors that are coupled to increased Ca entry into beta islet cells, thereby enhancing insulin secretion. K efflux decreases
What are GLP1 analogues and how do they work?
exenatide, Liraglutide

decreases appetite, increases pancreatic sensitivity such that increased levels of insulin are released, decreased pancreatic glucagon release, decreases gastric emptying and also decreases hepatic fat content.

Liraglutide has been linked to increased medullary cell carcinoma of the thyroid
What is the role of HDL?
exchanges triglycerides for cholesterol ester with IDL. Removes cholesterol from extra-hepatic tissues and convertes it to cholesterol ester for furutre exchange with IDLs
What are the side effects of fibric acid agents (clofibrate, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil)?
gallstone formation because of the increased cholesterol in the bile, cardiac dysrhythmias, increase in malignancies, risk for myopathy and rhabdo
What is misoprostol used for?
Most commonly used to treat elderly patients who have been on long-term NSAID therapy.

analog of PGE2 that works to decrease HCl secretion.
How does bismuth work?
inhibits pepsin, increasing mucus interaction with necrotic tissues (protects and coats the crater). Toxic to H. pylori.

prevents mucosal injury, to decrease inflammation, and to heal existing ulcers.