Book (Tortera) Ch 3

Front 1

Identify each of 3 Loose Connective tissue type by sight

Back 1

Areolar, Fat, Reticular

Front 2

-found in subcutaneous layer (under skin)

Back 2

Areolar

Front 3

-found anywhere Areolar cells are found
-protects, store energy, insulates

Back 3

Fat

Front 4

-forms supporting structure, or stroma, or many organs

Back 4

Reticular

Front 5

Identify each of 3 Dense Connective tissue type by sight. How is this special?

Back 5

Dense Regular
Dense Irregular
Elastic
-these contain more & thicker fibers spread densely among cells

Front 6

-found in tendons & ligaments
-can withstand tension along axis of fiber

Back 6

Dense Regular

Front 7

-found in sheets underneath the eperdermis (skin)
-can withstand pulling forces

Back 7

Dense Irregular

Front 8

-found in lungs & elastic arteries
-can recoil after stretching

Back 8

Elastic

Front 9

Book description of :Areolar connective tissue

Back 9

= collagen fiber + elastic fiber + reticular fiber + & several kinds of cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cell, adipocytes & mast ells) embedded in semifluid ground subsance
-located right under skin,

Front 10

Book description of :Adipose connective tissue

Back 10

adipocytes (specialized in storing trilycerides (fats)
-around heart & kidney

Front 11

Book description of :Reticular connective tissue

Back 11

= reticular cells + reticular fibers
*reticular means deeper region
-stroma (supporting framework) of liver, spleen, lymph nodes,
-forms stroma of organs, bind together smooth muscle tissue cells, filters & removes worn-out blood cells in spleen & microbes in lymph nodes

Front 12

Book description of :Dense Regular connective tissue

Back 12

= collagen fibers in 'bundles' waves + fibrolasts in rows between bundles
-forms tendons (attach muscle to bone), ligaments (attach bone to bone)
(in picture) matrix looks shiny white!
-strong attachment between structures

Front 13

Book description of :Dense Irregular connective tissue

Back 13

= mostly collagen fibers + (a few) fibroblasts

Front 14

Book description of :Elastic connective tissue

Back 14

= freely branching elastic fibers + fibroblasts in between fibers
-located in organs that need to be stretched: lung, arteries, trachea, bronchial tubes, vocal cords, penis & vertebrae

Front 15

Use carbonic dioxide & carbonic acid in soln as an example of equilibrium

Back 15

see chap 3 ?

Front 16

Connective tissue

Back 16

-consist of cells & a matrix of ground substance & fibers
-ahs abundant matric w/few cells
-has neerve supply (except for cartilage) highly vascular (except for caratilage, tendons & ligaments)
-all cells are derived from mesnechymal cells

Front 17

Connective tissue Cell types

Back 17

1. fibroblasats
2 plasma cells - secrete antibodies
3 mast cells - produce hstamine
4 adipocytes - store fate
5 white blood cells - migrate from blood in response to infections

Front 18

What makes up the matrix of connective tissue?

Back 18

gound substance (which supports & binds cells together, & provide a medium for exchange of materis) + fibers

Front 19

Endocrine glands

Back 19

-secrete hormones into blood

Front 20

Where are pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar epithelium found?

Back 20

-lines upper respiratory
-contains goblet cells

Front 21

Where are pseudostratified (non-ciliated) columnar epithelium found?

Back 21

-lines ducts of many glands, male urethra
-no goblet cells

Front 22

Where are simple ciliated simple columnar epithelium found?

Back 22

-found in parts of upper respiratory tract, where it moves foreign particle strapped in mucus our of hte resp tract

Front 23

Where are simple nonciliated simple columnar epithelium found?

Back 23

-lines most of GI tract
-specialized cells contain icrovill for absorption
-goblet cells secrete mucus

Front 24

Where are simple cuboidal epithelium found?

Back 24

-covers ovaries, kidneys, eyes, & lining of some glandular ducts

Front 25

What type of cell is Endothelium ?

Back 25

Simple squamous
-lines the heart 7 blood vessels

Front 26

Epithelial layers (study outline)

Back 26

Epithelium is aranged in sheets & all are attached to a basement membrane. Eepithelial layers czn be simple (1 layer), stgratigied (seeral layers) or psudostraaatified (1 layer that appears to be several) Cell shpes may e squamous (flat), cuboidal (square or cubelike) columnar (rectoangular) or tarnsitional.

Front 27

Cell Junctions

Back 27

tight junctions form fluid-tight zip-lock seals between cells. Gap junctions allow electrical & chemical signals to pass through.

Front 28

Types of tissues & their origins (study outline)

Back 28

Tissue = a group of cells that have similar embryological orgin 7 specialized for a specific function. thre are 4 types; epithelial, connctive, muscle & nervous.

Front 29

what substances are found in ground substance?

Back 29

water + polysaccharides (hylauronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, etc.)

Front 30

Collagen fibers

Back 30

-are composed of collagen
-are found in large amounts in bone, tendons & ligaments

Front 31

Elastic fibers

Back 31

-found in skin, blood vessel walls & lungs
-made of elastin, fibrillin & other glycoprotein

Front 32

Reticular fibers

Back 32

- made of collagen + glycoprotein
-found around fat cells, nerve fibers & skeletal & smooth muscle cells

Front 33

The 3 types of fibers found in matrix & their function

Back 33

Collagen fibers

Elastic fibers


Reticular fibers

Front 34

Where do mature connective tissue come from and what types are there?

Back 34

-loose or dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone tissue, blood tissue & lymph

Front 35

name 3 loose connective tissue

Back 35

Areolar connective, reticular connective & adipose

Front 36

what 3 fibers do areolar tissues consists of and where is it found?

Back 36

-found underneath the skin, in mucous membrane, around blood vessels, nerves & body organs

Front 37

what 3 fibers do reticular tissues consists of and where is it found?

Back 37

reticular fibers + reticular cells
-in liver, spleen & lymph nodes

Front 38

what fibers do adipose tissues consists of and where is it found?v

Back 38

adipocytes
-found under skin, around organs & yellow bone marrow

Front 39

what tissues do dense connective tissues consists of and where is it found?

Back 39

dense regular
dense irregular
elastic

Front 40

what tissues do dense regular connective tissues consists of and where is it found?

Back 40

= parallel bundles of collagen fibes + fibroblasts
-forms tendons,ligaments aponeuroses

Front 41

what tissues do dense irregular connective tissues consists of and where is it found?

Back 41

= randomly arranged collagen fibes + few fibroblasts
-found in fascia, dermis of skn, membrane around organs

Front 42

what tissues do elastic connective tissues consists of and where is it found?

Back 42

= branching elastic fibers + fibroblasts
-foundi n large arteries, lungs, trachea & bronchial tubes

Front 43

what tissues do cartilage tissues consists of and where is it found?

Back 43

Chondrocytes with a rubbery matrix (chondroitin sulfate) containing collagen & elastic fibers

Front 44

what tissues do elastic cartilage consists of and what is it for?

Back 44

elastic cartilage maintains shape of organs

Front 45

what tissues do bone tissue consists of and where is it found?

Back 45

= a matrix of mineral salts + collagen fibers that make bones hard, osteocytes in lacunae
-functions to support, protects, helps movements, stores minerals _ houses blood-forming tissues

Front 46

waht are found in blood tissues and what are its functions?

Back 46

= blood plasma _ formed elements (rbc, wbc, patelets)
-function to transport oxygen + carbond dioxide, provide immunity + blood clotting

Front 47

what tissues do epithelical membrane consists of and what're the diff types?

Back 47

= a layer overlying a connective tissues
examples: mucuous, serous, cutaneous
Mucousse- line cavities that open to exterio, ex: GI tract
SErous - line closed caavities 9pleura, pericardium peritoneum) & over the organs in the cavities
Synovial membrane - line joint cavities, bursae, tendons shealths - constis of areolar connctive tissue instead of epithelium

Front 48

What does mucous membrane line and what does it consist of?

Back 48

Mucus- line cavities that open to exterior, ex: GI tract

Front 49

What does serous membrane line and what does it consist of?

Back 49

Serous - line closed caavities 9pleura, pericardium peritoneum) & over the organs in the cavities

Front 50

What does synovial membrane line and what does it consist of?

Back 50

- line joint cavities, bursae, tendons shealths - consists of areolar connctive tissue instead of epithelium

Front 51

3 components used to classify connective tissue

Back 51

cell, fibers, ground substance

Front 52

Connective tissue fibers arranged in bundles & give strength & flexibilty to a tissue

Back 52

collagen fibers

Front 53

the connective tissue responsible for secretign fibers + ground substance

Back 53

fibroblasts

Front 54

the membrane lining a body cavity that opens to the exterior

Back 54

mucous

Front 55

a single layer of flat cells, found where filtration (kidney) or diffusion (lungs) are important

Back 55

Simple squamous

Front 56

in superficial part of skin, provides protection from heat, microbe & chemicals

Back 56

keratinized (stratified squamous = a given!) epithelium

Front 57

-cube-shpaed cells, found i n kidney tha funciton in secretion & absoption

Back 57

simple cuboidal

Front 58

-lines upper respiratory tract & uterine tubes; wave like motion of cilia propel material through the lumen

Back 58

Ciliated (simple columnar = always + a given ) epithelium

Front 59

-found in urinary bladder, contains cells that can change shape (stretch/relax)

Back 59

transitional epithelium

Front 60

-found in linings of digestive, reproductive & urinary tracts
-contains cells w/microvilli + goblet cesll,

Back 60

nonciliated (simple columnar) epithelium

Front 61

what cells can be ciliated or nonciliated?

Back 61

simple columnar epithelium

Front 62

-contains cells that are all attached to the basement membrane
-some do not reach the surface
-those that do secrete mucus or bear cilia at apical surface

Back 62

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Front 63

a rare type that has mainly protective function

Back 63

stratified cuboidal epithelium

Front 64

the tissue/cells from which all other connective tissues come from

Back 64

mesenchyme

Front 65

connective tissues w/a clear liquid matrix that flows i n lymphatic vessels

Back 65

lymph

Front 66

connective tissues consisting of several kinds of cells, containing all 3 fiber types randomly arrangd, fundin subcutaneous layer of skin

Back 66

Areolar connective tissue

Front 67

a loose connective tissues for fat storage

Back 67

adipose tissues

Front 68

tissue w/irregularly arranged collagen fibers found in dermis of skin

Back 68

dense irregular connective tissue

Front 69

tissue found in lungs that's strong

Back 69

elastic connective tissue

Front 70

tissue that afford flexibility at joints & reduces joint friction

Back 70

hyaline cartilage

Front 71

tissue that provides strength & rigidity & is the strongest of the 3 types of cartilage

Back 71

fibrocartilage

Front 72

bundle of collagen arranged in parallel patterns, compose tendons & ligament

Back 72

dense regular

Front 73

tissue that contains reticular fibers & reticular cells & form stroma of certain organs (spleen)

Back 73

reticular connective

Front 74

tissue that forms internal framework of body

Back 74

bone

Front 75

connective w/formed elements suspended in a liquid matrix called plasma

Back 75

blood

Front 76

this cell junction allows epithelial cells in a tissue to communicate; enables nerve/muscle impulse to spread rapidly between cells

Back 76

gap junction

Front 77

this cell junction prevents organ contents from leaking into blood or surrounding tissues

Back 77

tight junction

Front 78

function of basement membrane

Back 78

supports epithelium
-works as a filter in kidney

Front 79

what's he most numerous connective tissue cells & what's its function?

Back 79

fibroblasts (others are elastic, reticular & collagen)
-it secrets the fibers & ground substance of the matrix

Front 80

what ground substance binds cells together, lubricates joints, hels maintain shape of eyeballs.

Back 80

hyaluronic acid

Front 81

what ground substance provides suport & adhesiveness in cartilage, bone, skin & blood vessels?

Back 81

Choindroitin sulfaate

Front 82

why do connectve tissues need fibers & what're the 3 types?

Back 82

collagen, elastic & reticular
-collagen (colla = glue)
-often appears in bundles

Front 83

tell me about the 2nd type of fiber & what it's good for.

Back 83

Elastic - smaller than collagen, composed of elastin, abundant in skin, blood vessel walls & lung tissue

Front 84

tell me about the rnd type of fiber & what it's good for.

Back 84

REticular (reticul = net)
- consists of collagen arranged in fine bundles & glycoprotein coating
- much thinner than collagen fibers & form branching networks
-provides support like collagen
-abundant in reticular connective tissues
stroma = bed or covering - of many soft organs (spleen, lymph nodes
-also helps form basement membrane

Front 85

another word for mesothelium or the most baic tpye of epithelium?

Back 85

simple squamous epithelium

Front 86

Latin meaning of words: serous/serosa

Back 86

serous = water

Front 87

Thsi gives you complete understanding of how things are names: convert simple squamous epithelium to ____________________

Back 87

simple squamous epithelium of blood vessels

Front 88

what cells line tubes?

Back 88

simple squamous & simple cuboidal

Front 89

How do you identify Transitional epithelium on picture?

Back 89

1) the typically puffy surface cells.
2) many layers of cells

Front 90

What tissue type surrounds a single blood capillary?

Back 90

simple squamous epithelium

Front 91

What tissue type lines blood vessel?

Back 91

simple squamous epithelium

Front 92

What tissue type is found at the skin?

Back 92

keratinized stratified squamous

Front 93

Where do nuclei of simple cuboidal line up: top or bottom?

Back 93

on the bottom, or basal edge

Front 94

What tissue type surrounds a single blood capillary?

Back 94

simple squamous epithelium

Front 95

What tissue type lines blood vessel?

Back 95

simple squamous epithelium

Front 96

What tissue type is found at the skin?

Back 96

keratinized stratified squamous

Front 97

Where do nuclei of simple cuboidal line up: top or bottom?

Back 97

on the bottom, or basal edge

Front 98

which one is when the cells don't line up?

Back 98

psudostratified ciliated - all bec cells are differnet shapes & the nuclei don't line up?

Front 99

do goblet cells always come up to top?

Back 99

no

Front 100

what's a messy matrix w/mnny different types of fibers loosely arranged?

Back 100

Areolar

Front 101

a matrix of lots of cells & reticular fibers
-fibrocytes hard to see

Back 101

Reticular

Front 102

fibers are parallet, fibrocytes scattered

Back 102

dense regular

Front 103

Randomly arranged collagen fiber,

Back 103

dense irregular

Front 104

Main difference between loose & dense tissue

Back 104

fiber

Front 105

Main difference between

Back 105

organization

Front 106

Name 3 components of connective tissues

Back 106

biers, cells, ground substance

Front 107

Name 3 fiber types

Back 107

collagen, elastic, reticular

Front 108

Name cell types

Back 108

1) fibroblasts - produce fiber
2) blood ( = rbc + wbc)
- is alos a connective tissue
-its ground substance is plasma

Front 109

What tissue is lymphoid?

Back 109

reticular