Bontrager 9 Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, Coccyx

Front 1

Which vertebrae are the largest

Back 1

Lumbar

Front 2

List the vertebrae

Back 2

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum - (5) but fused
Coccyx

Front 3

Which vertebrae are the strongest and can support the most weight?

Back 3

Lumbar

Front 4

Which of the lumbar vertebrae is the largest?

Back 4

L5

Front 5

Anatomically, where are the lumbar spinous processes located?

Back 5

At the level of the intervertebral disks

Front 6

At what angle is the intervertebral foramen as compared to the midsagittal line?

Back 6

90 degrees

Front 7

Where are the intervertebral foramen located?

Back 7

Between the pedicles when the vertebrae are stacked

Front 8

What borders the intervertebral foramen inferiorly?

Back 8

The superior vertebral notch of the vertebra below the nerve

Front 9

What borders the intervertebral foramen superiorly?

Back 9

The inferior vertebral notch of the vertebra above the nerve

Front 10

How many intervertebral foramina exist between every two vertebrae?

Back 10

2

Front 11

What view best demonstrates the lumbar intervertebral foramina?

Back 11

Lateral

Front 12

How many articular processes does the typical possess?

Back 12

4
2 - superior
2 - inferior

Front 13

What is another term for the zygapophyseal joint?

Back 13

Facet joint

Front 14

What is the angle of the zygapophyseal joint relative to the midsagittal line?

Back 14

30 - 50 degrees
Upper lumbar - 50 degrees
Lower lumbar - 30 degrees

Front 15

What patient position is used to best visualize the zygapophyseal joints?

Back 15

45 degree oblique

Front 16

What forms the bridge between the transverse processes?

Back 16

Lamina

Front 17

The portion separating the superior and inferior articular processes is called:

Back 17

Pars interarticularis

Front 18

What view best demonstrates the pars interarticularis?

Back 18

Oblique

Front 19

What is the shape of the sacrum?

Back 19

Shovel shaped

Front 20

Where is the apex of the sacrum?

Back 20

Most inferior (caudad) portion

Front 21

How many intervertebral foramina are in the sacrum?

Back 21

8
4 on each side

Front 22

What passes through the intervertebral foramina of the sacrum?

Back 22

Nerves and blood vessels
Just as with other vertebrae

Front 23

What type of joint is the superior articular process of the sacrum?

Back 23

Zygapophyseal

Front 24

What does the superior articular process of the sacrum articulate with?

Back 24

Inferior articular process of L5

Front 25

The large masses of bone lateral to the first sacral segment are called:

Back 25

Alae

Front 26

What determines how the central ray is angled for AP projections of the sacrum and coccyx?

Back 26

Convex curve of the sacrum
Forward projection of the coccyx

Front 27

The anterior ridge of the body of the first sacral segment is called:

Back 27

Promonitory

Front 28

What patient position best visualizes the promonitory?

Back 28

Lateral

Front 29

The continuation of the vertebral canal in the sacrum is called:

Back 29

Sacral canal

Front 30

The fused spinous processes of the sacrum are called:

Back 30

Median sacral crest

Front 31

Where does the sacrum articulate with the pelvis?

Back 31

Auricular surface

Front 32

What joint is formed by the pelvis and sacrum?

Back 32

Sacroiliac joint

Front 33

The most inferior articular processes of the sacrum are called:

Back 33

Sacral horns or cornu

Front 34

How is the sacroiliac joint positioned?

Back 34

The joint opens obliquely posteriorly at 30 degrees

Front 35

What is the name of the most distal portion of the vertebral column?

Back 35

Coccyx

Front 36

How many segments are present in the adult coccyx?

Back 36

3-5
Average 4

Front 37

What is the most inferior portion of the coccyx called?

Back 37

Apex

Front 38

What is the most superior portion of the coccyx called?

Back 38

Base

Front 39

Where are the transverse processes located in the coccyx?

Back 39

Only on the first segment

Front 40

How is the long axis of the sacrum angled?

Back 40

Posteriorly
More posterior in women

Front 41

How is the CR angled for an AP of the sacrum?

Back 41

Cephalad to compensate for the posterior angle of the sacrum

Front 42

In which direction does the coccyx curve?

Back 42

Anteriorly
More pronounced in men

Front 43

Who is more likely to fracture the coccyx, men or women?

Back 43

Women, because of the more vertical orientation

Front 44

What are the components of the 'Scottie Dog' in the oblique view of the lumbar vertebra?

Back 44

Neck - pars interarticularis
Ear - superior articular process
Eye - pedicle
Nose and tail - transverse processes
Front legs - inferior articular process

Front 45

What 2 types of joints are present in the lumbar vertebrae?

Back 45

Zygapophyseal
Amphiarthroidal (cartilagenous) - disks

Front 46

Why is the anterior oblique position sometimes used to image the zygapophyseal joints?

Back 46

Less patient pain

Front 47

What oblique angle is used for the upper lumbar vertebrae?

Back 47

50 degrees

Front 48

What oblique angle is used for the lower lumbar vertebrae?

Back 48

30 degrees

Front 49

The lower costal margin corresponds with which vertebral level?

Back 49

L2-3

Front 50

When doing lumbar, sacral, coccygeal images, what is required on all male patients?

Back 50

Gonadal shielding