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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are deficiencies in nutrition?
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Excesses and imbalances of energy and nutrients bringing on the diseases of malnutrition.
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What can happen when not eating enough or eating the same things all the time?
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Iron or vitamin deficiencies.
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What can happen when eating too much?
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Heart disease, diabetes or some kinds of cancer.
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What influences the likelihood of developing diseases related to nutrition?
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Genetic inheritance.
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What also affects health?
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Lifestyle choices such as tobacco use, alcohol abuse , physical activity, sleep and stress.
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What are the nutrition objectives for the nation by the US Department of Health and Human Services regarding chronic diseases?
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- Reduce the proportion of adults with osteoporosis
- Reduce the death rates from cancer, diabetes, heart disease and stroke - Reduce the annual number of new cases of diabetes |
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What are the nutrition objectives for the nation by the US Department of Health and Human Services regarding food safety?
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- Reduce outbreaks of certain infections transfmitted through food.
- Reduce severe allergic reactions to food among adults with diagnosed food allergy. |
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What are the nutrition objectives for the nation by the US Department of Health and Human Services regarding Maternal, infant and child health?
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- reduce low birth weight & preterm births
- reduce FAS - reduce iron defiency - reduce blood lead levels in children - increase proportion of infants breastfed - increase schools offering breakfast - increase veggies, fruits & whole grains for over 2 years and reduce solid fats & sugars |
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What are the nutrition objectives for the nation by the US Department of Health and Human Services regarding eating disorders?
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- increase people at a healthy weight
- reduce obesity - reduce no leisure time physical activity - increase schools that require phys ed |
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What are the nutrition objectives for the nation by the US Department of Health and Human Services regarding food security?
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Eliminate very low food security among children in US households.
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Are the human body and food made of the same things?
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Yes, just in a different makeup.
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Name the six nutrients.
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Water
Carbohydrates Fat Protein Vitamins Minerals |
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What does organic mean and which of the nutrients are organic?
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Organic refers to nutrients that contain the element carbon derived from living things. Fat, protein carbohydrates and vitamins are organic.
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Which nutrients are energy yielding?
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Fat - 9 calories per gram
Carbohydrates - 4 calories per gram Protein - 4 calories per gram |
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What are essential nutrients?
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Nutrients needed, that if were not ingested, would cause deficiencies.
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What are the 5 characteristics of a healthy diet?
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Adequacy - provide enough of the essential nutrients
Balance - provides diff. essential nutrients proportionally Calorie Control - energy intake balanced with energy expended Moderation - certain foods limited (fats, sugars) Variety - healthy foods rotated, not the same every day |
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What are cultural influences on diet?
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Foods chosen because of culture, tradition cuisine, such as Italians may eat more tomato sauce. Another example may include eating turkey at Thanksgiving. One may also choose to be a vegetarian.
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What are the 4 major types of research studies?
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Case Study
Epidemiological Study Intervention Study Laboratory Study |
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What is a case study?
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Studies of individuals that yield observations that may lead to possible avenues of research.
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What is an epidemiological study?
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A study of a whole population which may reveal a correlation of some kind.
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What is an intervention study?
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A study in which researchers actively intervene to alter people's eating habits.
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What is a laboratory study?
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A study performed in the laboratory. Typically uses plants, animals or cells.
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Why is National Nutrition research important for the health of the population?
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It can provide important data regarding US food consumption and nutrient status and other important data regarding our health as a nation.
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What are the 6 major steps in behavior change?
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1. Pre-contemplative - Information collection stage
2. Contemplation - commit to making a change and set a start date 3. Preparation - writing an action plan, set goals, tell others 4. Action - Perform new behavior, manage reactions to the change 5. Maintenance - persevere through lapses, help others with goals 6. Adoption/ Moving On - after months or a year without lapses, moving on to new goals |
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What is nutrient density?
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Foods that help in an eating pattern that achieves both adequacy and moderation, 2 of the 5 requirements of a healthy diet.
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What are elemental diets?
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Liquid diets of precise chemical composition for hospital patients and people who cannot eat ordinary food.
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What are phytochemicals?
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Compounds that confer color, taste and other characteristics to food.
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Can elemental diets be used long term?
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They are best used short term because "real food" is superior in part because they contain phytochemicals.
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Name some factors that drive food choices.
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Taste
Price Convenience Emotional Comfort Availability Values |
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What does DRI stand for and what is it referring to?
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DRI stands for Dietary Reference Intakes which is the nutritional standards in use in the US and Canada.
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What does RDA stand for and what is it referring to?
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Recommended Dietary Allowance refers to the adequacy of a nutritional diet.
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What does AI stand for?
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Adequate Intakes. It also refers to the adequacy of a nutritional diet.
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What does EAR stand for and what is it referring to?
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The Estimated Average Requirements establishes the average nutrient requirements for given life stages and gender groups.
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What does UL stand for and what is it referring to?
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Tolerable Upper Intake Levels refers to the safety guidelines for particular nutrients. It is unsafe to consume extremes of any nutrient either way, too much or too little.
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What does AMDR stand for and what does it refer to?
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Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges refer to healthy ranges of intake for carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
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What are the four major topic areas for dietary guidelines for Americans?
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- Balance calories to manage weight
- Increase intakes of certain nutrient-dense foods - Reduce intakes of certain foods and food components - Build a healthy eating pattern |
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What do Americans need to choose more of?
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Whole grains, vegetables, fruits, milk products, seafood, plant oils
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What do Americans need to choose fewer of?
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Solid fats, added sugars, refined grains, sodium and saturated fat.
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What does the USDA food patterns do?
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They help with diet planning. Lays out amounts needed from each food group. Gives a healthful diet for a given number of calories. Gives the vegetable subgroup and protein subgroup food intakes for the week.
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What are the requirements for food labels?
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Common name
manufacturer or contact info net contents nutrients contents ingredients in descending order essential warnings. Daily values |
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What's included in Nutrition Facts Panel?
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Serving Size
Servings per container Calories & calories from fat Nutrient amounts & percentages of DVs Vitamins & Minerals |
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What else may be included on a food label?
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- Nutrient claims like a "good source" of a nutrient or high in a nutrient.
- Health claims such as "calcium reduces risk of osteoporosis" - Structure/ function claims "supports digestive health" (not needed to be substantiated by the FDA) |
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What are phytochemicals?
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Non-nutrient components of plants that give flavor, color or spiciness and possible health benefits such as anti-oxidant value or phytoestrogen value.
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