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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Osteology |
the study of bone |
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Skeletal system |
cartilage, bones, and ligaments
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Cartilage |
forerunner of most bonesl covers joint surfaces
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Ligaments |
bone to bone
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Tendons |
muscle to bone
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Functions of the skeleton |
support, protection, movement, electrolyte blance, acid-base balance, blood formation
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General features of long bone |
disphysis, epiphyses, medullary cavity, compact (dense) bone, spongy (cancellous) bone, articular cartilage, nutrient foramina, periosteum, endosteum, epiphyseal plate, epiphyseal line
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Disphysis |
•(shaft)—cylinder of compact bone |
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Epiphyses |
•enlargedends of a long bone–Joint strength &ligament/tendon attachment |
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Medullary cavity |
marrow cavity |
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Compact (dense) bone |
outer shell
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Spongy (cancellous) bone |
•inends of long bones, and middle of nearly all others |
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Articular cartilage
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on joint surfaces |
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Nutrient foramina |
minute holes that serve as passageways for BVs and nerves
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Periosteum |
external sheath of tough connective tissue that surrounds the bone
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Endosteum |
think layer of CT lining marrow cavity
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Epiphyseal plate |
growth plate, area of hyaline cartilage that seperates the marrow spaces of the epiphysis and diaphysis: enables growth in length
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Epiphyseal line |
in adults; a bony scar where epiphyseal plate once was
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Bone is what type of tissue? |
osseous tissue--CT-- specialized cells with a gardened matrix (fibers +minerals)
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Mineralization |
Bone starts out soft and than mineralization/calcification is the hardening of bone
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Matrix of bone is made out of |
soft-organic matter (collagen fibers for flexibility) and inorganic salts (calcium phosphate for hardness) |
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Bone as organ |
2 or more tissue types=organ--> Bone has bone, cartilage, BV, fat, and nervous tissue
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Bone cells |
Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
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Osteogenic cells |
stem cells, multiply continually to make osteoblasts
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Osteoblasts |
bone-forming cells; make soft organic matter of matrix which then hardens by mineral deposition
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Osteocytes |
former osteoblasts that have become trapped in the matrix they have deposited: when stressed, produce biochemical signals that regulate bone remodeling
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Osteoclasts |
bone-dissolving cells found on the bone surfacel unusually large cells formed from the fusion of several stem cells
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