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184 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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musculoskeletal system is made up of
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bones, joints & muscles
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Functions of bones are
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support, protection, movement, store of minerals and production of blood
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periosteum
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outermost covering of bone
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epiphysis
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end of a long bone
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diaphysis
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shaft/main part of bone
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bone marrow
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production of red blood cells
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foramen
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opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass
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Human skeleton has how many bones?
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206
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zygomatic
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cheekbone
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maxillary
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upper jaw bone
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maxillary
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upper jaw bone
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mandible
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lower jaw bone
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How many ribs/costals? Where do they attach in the back?
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12 pair - all attached in back to vertebrae
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What are ribs 1-7 called?
What do they attach to in the front? |
true ribs
attached in front to sternum |
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What are ribs 8-10 called?
What do they attach to in the front? |
false ribs
attached to cartilage that joins with sternum (7th rib) |
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What are ribs 11-12 called?
What do they attach to in the front? |
floating ribs
Not attached in front |
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sternum
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breastbone
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manubrium
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upper portion of the sternum
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xiphoid
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lower portion of the sternum
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clavicle
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collarbone
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scapula
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shoulder blade
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acromion
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extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder (tip of shoulder)
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humerus
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upper arm
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radius
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thumb side of the forearm (lower arm bone)
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ulna
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little finger side of the forearm (lower arm bone)
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olecranon process
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elbow
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carpals
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wrist
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metacarpals
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hands
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phalanges
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fingers
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fingers
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distal, medial, proximal (nearest hand)
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thumb
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distal, proximal
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acetabulum
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hip socket
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femur
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upper leg bone
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trochanter
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one of the two large bony projections on the upper end of the femur
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patella
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kneecap
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popliteal
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back of knee
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tibia
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shin bone - larger bone of hte lower leg
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fibula
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smaller bone of lower leg
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tarsals
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ankle
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malleolus
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rounded bony protrusion on each side of the ankle (medial and lateral)
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calcaneal
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heel bone
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metatarsals
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foot
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phalanges
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toes
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big/great toe
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distal and proximal (closer to foot)
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other toes
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distal, medial/middle, proximal
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lamina
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part of the posterior portion of the vertebrae
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Parts of pelvic hip girdle
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ilium, ischium, pubis
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head
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large smooth ball-shaped end on a long bone
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condyle
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smooth rounded portion at the end of a bone
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epicondyle
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projection located above or on a condyle
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tubercle
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small, rough process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles
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trochanter
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large rough process for the attachment of muscle
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tuberosity
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large, rough process that provides the attachment of tendons and muscles
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sinus
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hollow cavity within a bone
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foramen
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smooth round opening for nerves and blood vessels
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fossa
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shallow cavity or depression on the surface of a bone
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fissure
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slit-type opening
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Six common bony processes
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head
condyle epicondyle trochanter tubercle tuberosity |
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Four common depressions
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sinus
foramen fossa fissure |
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ankyl/o
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stiff joint
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arthr/o
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joint
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articul/o
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joint
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burs/o
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sac
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carp/o
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wrist
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cervic/o
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neck
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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clavicul/o
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clavicle
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coccyg/o
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coccyx
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cortic/o
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outer portion
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cost/o
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rib
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crani/o
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skull
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femor/o
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femur
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fibul/o
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fibula
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humer/o
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humerus
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ili/o
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ilium
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ischi/o
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ischium
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kyph/o
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hump
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lamin/o
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lamina, part of vertebra
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lord/o
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bent backwards
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lumb/o
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loin
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mandibul/o
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mandible
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maxill/o
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maxilla
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medull/o
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inner portion
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metacarp/o
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metacarpals
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metatars/o
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metatarsals
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myel/o
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bone marrow, spinal cord
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orth/o
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straight
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oste/o
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bone
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patell/o
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patella
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ped/o
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child, foot
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pelv/o
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pelvis
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phalang/o
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phalanges
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pod/o
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foot
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pub/o
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pubis
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radi/o
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radius
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sacr/o
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sacrum
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scapul/o
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scapula
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scoli/o
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crooked, bent
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spondyl/o
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vertebrae
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stern/o
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sternum
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synovi/o
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synovial membrane
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synov/o
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synovial membrane
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tars/o
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ankle
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thorac/o
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chest
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tibi/o
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tibia
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uln/o
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ulna
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vertebr/o
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vertebra
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-blast
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immature, embryonic
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-clasia
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to surgically break
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-desis
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stabilize, fuse
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-listhesis
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slipping
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-porosis
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porous
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joints/articulations
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connections between bones
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suture joints
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not moveable
i.e. skull |
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synovial joints
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moveable
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bursa
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sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction (i.e. elbow, shoulder)
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synovial membrane
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Lines bursa. Secretes fluid that acts as alubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible.
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meniscus
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curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints (i.e. knee and TMJ)
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3 types of muscles
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skeletal or striated - voluntary
smooth or visceral - involuntary cardiac - looks like striated, acts like smooth |
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fascia
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covering of muscle
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tendon
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attaches muscles to bones
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ligaments
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attaches bones to bones
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aponeurosis
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large tendon
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flexor
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bends
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extensor
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straightens
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pectoral
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chest
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rectus
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straight
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oblique
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at an angle
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transverse
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across
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sphincter
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ringlike muscle
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biceps
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two divisions
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triceps
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three divisions
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quadriceps
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foud divisions
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maximus
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large
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minimus
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small
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deltoid
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shaped like triagle
(delta-greek letter) |
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major
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important
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levator
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lift
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depressor
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lower
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fracture
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broken bone
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closed/simple fx
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bone broke, not through skin
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open/compound
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bone broke and through skin
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comminuted
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bone shattered into pieces
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impacted
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one bone shoved into another bone
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greenstick
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bone breaks on one side and bends on the other
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hairline
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incomplete break
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pathological
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fx caused by disease
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Colles' fx
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fx of the wrist (lower end of radius)
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reduction
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treatment for fx
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closed reduction
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manipulating the fx externally
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open reduction internal fixation
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requires surgery and usually uses internal fixation (pins, screws, etc., to hold bones together)
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open reduction external fixation
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requires surgery and uses rod internally that protrudes externally
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osteoporosis
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porous bones
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scoliosis
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curvature of spine
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kyphosis
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humpback
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lordosis
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swayback
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spinal bifida
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hold in spine - spinal column did not close completely
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rheumatoid arthritis
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inflammation of joints
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osteoarthritis
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inflammation of bones and joints
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gout
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too much uric acid - collects in joint
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Ewing's sarcoma
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bone cancer
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ergonomics
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making the work place better - to avoid CTS
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crepitation
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grinding noise when cartilage and bone rub together
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electromyography - EMG
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process of recording electricity of muscle
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sprain
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injury
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strain
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no injury - just over use of muscles
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talipes
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deformity of foot - clubfoot
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fasci/o
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fibrous band
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fibr/o
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fibers
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kinesi/o
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movement
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muscul/o
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muscle
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my/o
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muscle
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myocardi/o
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heart muscle
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myos/o
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muscle
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plant/o
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sole of foot
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ten/o
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tendon
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tend/o
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tendon
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tendin/o
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tendon
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-asthenia
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weakness
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-kinesia
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movement
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-tonia
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tone
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ab-
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away from
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ad-
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toward
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circum-
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around
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