Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Short Bones |
- cube shaped - wrists (carpals) and ankles (tarsals) |
|
|
Irregular Bones |
- varied - vertebrae |
|
|
Sesamoid Bones |
- born within a tendon as a small cartilaginous seed - they ossify when baby begins to bear weight - patella, base of toe and thumb |
|
|
Fibrous Articulation |
- ends held together by short, strong, fibrous tissue - immovable - skull |
|
|
Cartilaginous Articulation |
- can be separated by a disc of tough fibrous tissue - joined by cartilage or collagen fibres - eg. between vertebrae - very little movement |
|
|
Synovial Articulation |
- typically at ends of long bones - cartilage covers bone end - no direct bone contact - ligaments cross joint - permit maximum movement - shoulder, hip, knee, elbow |
|
|
Articular Capsule Ligament |
- contains joint contents |
|
|
Synovium |
- membrane on inner lining of joint capsule - produces synovial fluid, stimulated by movement |
|
|
Synovial Fluid |
- reduces frictional forces within joints - very viscose - 2-3ml within knee joint - transports nutrients to articular surface (particularly cartilage) - less produced with age |
|
|
Ligaments |
- connect bone to bone - fibrous, relatively inelastic - prone to injury from excessive force - responsible for joint stability - outside synovial membrane |
|
|
Hyaline Cartilage |
- reduces friction and cushions impact - on surface of articulating bones in weight bearing joints - deterioration causes severe pain and restriction of movement |
|
|
Ball & Socket Joint |
- ball shaped end of bone fits into joint capsule - more mobile, less stable - hip and shoulder |
|
|
Hinge Joint |
- bones move along one axis - mainly flexion and extension - less moveable - elbow, knee, interphalangeal |
|
|
Pivot Joint |
- a bone rotates around another bony prominence - proximal radioulna joint, atlas and axis - pronation and supination |
|
|
Gliding Joints |
- when two flat surfaces slide over one another - carpals and tarsals - very little movement |
|
|
Saddle Joint |
- articulating surfaces are convex and concave, like a saddle - least common - found in thumb |
|
|
Types of Joint |
- ball and socket - hinge - pivot - gliding - saddle |
