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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of synovial fluid? |
1. to lubricate the joint and protect the articular cartilages from heat of friction. 2. To provide nutrition to articular cartilages |
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What is important to achieve first intension healing? |
Proper anatomical alignment, rigid fixation and compression |
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What is osteosarcoma? |
Malignant Bone tumor |
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What is the name of the membrane that makes inner lining of the joint capsule? |
Synovial Membrane |
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What are the substances that provide lubrication quality to the synovial fluid? |
Hyaluronic Acid (HA) and Glycoprotein lubricin |
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List the four zones of epiphyseal plate that show the conversion of cartilage cells into bone after birth |
1. Zone of resting chondrocytes 2. Zone of proliferation or multiplication 3. Zone of hypertrophy or maturation 4. Zone of calcification |
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Name the devices used to achieve first intension healing |
Intra-medullary pins (IM-Pins) and bone plates |
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What is the main function of osteoblast cells? |
Bone forming cells. These cells produce and secrete bony organic matrix called osteoid. These cells also help mineralization (calcification) of organic matrix. |
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What are the main characteristic features of normal synovial fluid? |
Normal synovial fluid is viscous, sticky, clear and slippery |
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What is OCD? |
Osteochondritis Dissecans- a problem in shoulder joint, when a piece of cartilage chips off the humeral head and floating joint cavity |
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What is arthrocentesis? |
Aspiration of fluid from joints |
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Name the organic and inorganic components found in bones |
Organic component (33%)- mainly contains collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Inorganic components (67%)- mainly contains Calcium and Phosphorus |
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What is a comminuted fracture? |
When the bone crushes into many pieces |
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Name the basic structural unit of a compact bone? |
Osteon |
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What is the difference between endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification? |
Endochondral Ossification: The cartilage develops into a bone Intramembranous ossification: the fibrous tissue develops into a bone |
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What is a simple fracture? |
A bone with one fracture line and two pieces |
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Name the cells that help long bones to continue to grow in diameter |
Activity of osteoblasts under the periosteum and endosteum |
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What is an epiphyseal fracture? |
Occurs at a junction of epiphysis and diaphysis. Also called a growth plate fracture |
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Where are the osteocytes located in the bone? |
In the lacunae |
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What type of bones develop by intramembranous ossification? |
Flat bones |
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What is the basic difference between a compact bone and a cancellous bone? |
Compact bones are dens bones with proper Haversian system. Cancellous bones are spongy bones and do not have proper Haversian system in there |
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At what site do the long bones continue to grow in length? |
Epiphyseal plate or growth plate or epiphyseal cartilage |
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What would happen if excessive pressure is applied constantly on a bone or no pressure is applied to a bone? |
Atrophy of bone |
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What is the main function of osteoclast cells? |
Bone eating cells. These cells mainly help in remodeling the bone at the time of bone growth or fracture healing |
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What is a greenstick fracture? |
It is an incomplete fracture, when one side of the bone is broken and the other side is just bent. Mostly seen in young animals |
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What type of bones develop by endochondral or intracartilaginous ossification |
Long bones |
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Define compound fracture |
A bone with two or more fracture lines and three or more pieces. The broken end of the bone perforates the skin |
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What are the main characteristic features of synovial or diathrodial joints? |
Have articular surfaces, articular cartilages, synovial cavity, synovial membrane, fibrous capsule and ligaments |
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Name the inorganic compounds that make the bones rigid and hard |
Calcium and phosphorus |
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What are the options for hip dysplasia? |
FHO - Femoral Head Osteotomy TPO - Triple Pelvic Osteotomy Total Hip Replacement |
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2/3 of the weight of bones is made up of: fibrous tissues cells calcium and phosphorus salts collagen and chondroitin |
calcium and phosphorus salts
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The function of osteoblasts is to:
-resorb bone -form new bone -Live in bone and participate in absorbtion/resorbtion |
form new bone
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Where are the osteocytes located in mature long bones?
in the bone marrow in the centers of ossification at the closed epiphysis in the lacunae |
in the lacunae
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Atrophy of bone can occur from which forces?
constant excessive pressure from lack of stress as in weightlessness both a and b are correct |
both a and b are correct
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A crush fracture with many small pieces and intact skin would be called:
closed comminuted fracture open comminuted fracture closed compound fracture simple closed fracture |
closed comminuted fracture
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Primary bone healing requires which conditions:
rigid fixation of the fracture compression on the tension side of the fracture both of the above |
both of the above
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Osteogenic sarcoma is defined as
a benign tumor of bone a malignant tumor of bone infection in the bone a benign tumor of the periostium. |
a malignant tumor of bone |
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Subluxation of a joint refers to what condition?a strain
a fracture complete dislocation partial dislocation |
partial dislocation
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Inflammation of the joint causing swelling and pain is called?
bursitis laminitis arthritis sprain |
arthritis
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Synovial fluid with the characteristics of clear, few cells, sticky, and slippery would be classified as:
normal abnormal, showing inflammation |
normal
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