Bones And Joints

Front 1

5 types of bones

Back 1

Flat, long, short, sesamoid, irregular

Front 2

Long bones

Back 2

Found only in limbs
Provide support
Ex. Femur and humerus, phalanges of fingers and toes

Front 3

Short bones

Back 3

Consist of cancellous bone containing red marrow
Thin outer layer of compact bone
Minimum flexibility of motion
Ex. Carpal and tarsals

Front 4

Flat bones

Back 4

Consist largely of two tables of compact bone
Provide protection and muscle attachment
Ex. Cranium, sternum, scapula

Front 5

Irregular bones

Back 5

Compact bone exterior cancellous bone containing red bone marrow interior
Weird shape
Provide attachment for muscles, tendons, ligaments, or attach to other bones to create joints
Ex. Vertebrae, bones in pelvis and face

Front 6

Sesamoid bones

Back 6

Small and oval
Develop inside and beside tendons
Alter the direction of muscle pull and decrease friction
Ex. 1st metatarsarophalangeal articulation of the foot, palmar aspect of the thumb, patella (kneecap)- largest

Front 7

3 classifications of functional joints

Back 7

Synarthroses- immovable joints
Amphiarthroses- slightly movable
Diarthroses- freely movable

Front 8

3 classes of joints based on structure

Back 8

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Front 9

Fibrous joints

Back 9

Do not have a joint cavity
Strongest, virtually immovable

Front 10

3 types of fibrous joints

Back 10

Syndesmosis- united by fibrous tissue
Suture- occur only in the skull, held together by strong connective tissues
Gomphosis- only in roots of teeth

Front 11

Cartilaginous joints

Back 11

Do not have joint cavity
Virtually immovable
Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage unite these joint

Front 12

2 types of cartilaginous joints

Back 12

Symphysis- slightly movable, strength, shock absorbency
Ex. Joint between pubic bones, or vertebral body
Synchondrosis- immovable, joint contains a rigid of cartilage that unites 2 bones.
Ex. Epiphyseal plate

Front 13

Synovial joints

Back 13

Wide range of motion
Freely movable
Synovial fluid lubricates joint space to reduce friction between the joints
Some contain meniscus (pad of fibrocartilage)
Bursae

Front 14

Bursae

Back 14

Synovial fluid filled sacs outside the main joint cavity
Help reduce friction between skin and bones, tendons and bones, muscles and bones

Front 15

6 types of synovial joints

Back 15

Gliding
Hinge
Pivot
Ellipsoid
Saddle
Ball and socket

Front 16

Gliding

Back 16

Uniaxial movement
Permit slight movement
Flattened or slightly curved surface
Ex. Intercarpals and intertarsal joints of wrist and foot

Front 17

Hinge

Back 17

Uniaxial
Flexion and extension only
Ex. Elbow, knee, and ankle

Front 18

Pivot

Back 18

Uniaxial
Rotation around a single axis only
Ex. Axis of cervical spine

Front 19

Ellipsoid

Back 19

Biaxial movement
Movement in 2 directions at right angles to each other
Ex. Radiocarpal joint of wrist

Front 20

Saddle

Back 20

Biaxial movement
Side to side and up and down movement
Ex. Carpometacarpal joint of the 1st digit

Front 21

Ball and socket

Back 21

Multiaxial
Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, circumduction, and rotation.
Ex. Hip and shoulder

Front 22

Basic functions of bone tissue and skeletal system

Back 22

Support
Protection
Assistance in movement
Mineral homeostasis
Blood cell production
Triglyceride storage