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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Long Bones |
- longer than they are wide - levers, most move regularly - femur, tibia, humerus, fibula |
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Cancellous Bone |
- honeycomb structure allows great strength with less weight - produces red bone marrow - red and many white blood cells and platelets develop in red bone marrow (haemopoiesis) |
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Periosteum |
- a protective vascular covering on all bones - nerve and blood supply for bones - a surface for muscles, tendons and ligaments to attach to - in the deep layer are osteoblasts, which form more bone tissue |
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Marrow Cavity / Medullary Cavity |
- where red and/or yellow marrow is stored - where yellow marrow is produced - yellow marrow is adipose tissue and white blood cells |
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Cortical / Compound / Compact Bone |
- have large units of same honeycomb structure - Haversian canals run longitudinally and contain blood and lymph capillaries and nerves - consist of plates called lamellae |
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Ossification |
- long bone development - development and changes occur all through lifecycle - changes are affected by lifestyle and diet |
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Bone development in babies |
- at 6 weeks in utero pre-bone membranes and cartilage develop - later bone cells form to replace these |
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Interstitial Growth |
- growth of long bones at epiphyseal plates - gradually the thickness of the plate decreases and closes - bone development ceases early to mid 20s - youths should avoid heavy, unsupervised weight training to avoid damage to growth plates |
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Osteoblasts |
- cells that form bones through interactions with blood and mineral salts (calcium) - during periods of growth osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast |
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Osteoclasts |
- cells that remove dead bone cells |
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Osteocytes |
- mature bone cells |
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Bone growth |
- influenced by weight bearing exercise - mechanical stress on bones encourages mineralisation - diet, vitamins A,D,C, calcium and phosphorus are vital - growth includes thickness, strength and density |
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Bone decrease |
- in older people osteoclast activity remains the same - osteoblast activity decreases - bone mineral density decreases - osteoperosis is most common in elderly females, leaving them predisposed to fractures |
