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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mineral that gives bone its strength
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calcium hydroxyapatite
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lag time between formation of matrix and mineralization
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12-15 days
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unmineralized bone
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osteoid
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pleuripotent mesenchymal stem cells
stimulated by growth factors undergo cell division and produce offspring that differentiate into osteoblasts (transcription factor core binding factor a1) |
osteoprogenitor cells
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cells located on the surface of bone
synthesize, transport, and arrange proteins of matrix initiate process of mineralization cell surface receptors bind hormones life span of approximately 3 months then undergo apoptosis or become surrounded by matrix |
osteoblasts/surface lining cells
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cells more numerous than any oher bone forming cell
communicate with each other and wit surface cells via canaliculi can detect mechanical forces and translate them into biological activity: release of chemical mediators by signal transduction pathways |
osteocytes
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cell responsible for bone resorption
derived from hematopoietic progenitor cells cytokines and growth factors crucial to cell differentiation and maturation: IL-1, IL-3, IL-6, IL-11, TNF, GM-CSF, M-CSF |
osteoclast
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member of TNF family of receptors expressed mainly on cells of macrophage/monocyte lineage such as preosteoclasts
initiates osteoclastgenesis |
RANK
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random weave of bone
fetal skeleton and growth plates |
woven bone
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orderly bone
gradually replaces woven bone during growth; stronger than woven bone |
lamellar bone
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noncollagenous protein unique to bone
sensitive and specific serum marker for osteoblast activity |
osteocalcin
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osteoblasts and osteoclasts acting in coordination
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basic multicellular unit
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breakdown and renewal of bone that are responsible for skeletal maintenance
initiated at sites experiencing fatigue and microdamage |
remodelling
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genes responsible for skeletal morphogenesis
expression produces localized cellular condensation of primitive mesenchyme at sites of future bone |
homeobox genes
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periosteum of the midshaft of the anlage
produces osteoblasts that deposit the beginnings of the cortex |
primary center of ossification
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epiphyses sequence of events leading to the removal cartilage
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secondary center of ossification
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expanding center of ossification
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growth plate
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important regulators of sequence of chondrocyte growth and maturation
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indian hedgehog and parathyroid hormone related protein
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core of cartilage covered by a layer of bone
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spongiosa
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bones formed by osteoblasts directly from fibrous layer of tissue derived from mesenchyme
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intramembranous formation
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developmental anomalies resulting from localized problems in migration of mesenchymal cells and their formation fo condensation
may be due to mutations in homeobox genes |
dystoses
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mutation HOXD-13
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extra digit between the 3rd and 4th fingers and syndactyly
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failure of the closure of the spinal column and skull
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craniorachischisis
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most common disease of growth plate; major cause of dwarfism
reduction in proliferation of chondrocytes in the growth plate point mutation in gene that codes for FGF receptor: receptor in constant state of activation; suppressing growth shortened proximal extremeties, trunk of normal length, enlarged head with bulging forehead adn conspicuous depression of the root of the nose |
achondroplasia
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abnormalities in the growth plates
proliferation and hypertrophy narrowed and disorganized; clusters of large chondrocytes instead of well formed columns premature deposition of horizontal struts of bone taht seals the plate and prevents further growth cortices form normally and appear thickened in relation to the short length of the bone |
achondroplasia
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most common lethal form of dwarfism
micromelic shortening of the limbs, frontal bossing with relative microcephaly, a small chest cavity, bell shaped abdomen respiratory insufficiency |
thanatophoric dwarfism
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