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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of Bone Tissue: 1. Support- |
the skeletal system provides STRUCTURAL SUPPORT and a FRAMEWORK for attachment of soft tissues and organs. |
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2. Storage of Minerals- |
Bones maintain a large reserve of CALCIUM and PHOSPHATE IONS. |
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3. Blood Cell Production- |
the hollow spaces in some bones contains RED MARROW where blood cells are produced. |
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4. Protection-
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In many places bone protects soft tissues and organs. |
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5. Leverage- |
The articulation of bones creates levers that change the magnitude and direction of the forces exerted by muscles. |
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Structure of Bone: |
-Bone is similar to other connective tissue in having specialized cells and a matrix with ground substance and fibers. - It is unique in that calcium salts are deposited around the fibers to make bone less compressible |
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Histological Organization of Mature Bone: Matrix: |
-combines the properties of COMPRESSIONAL STRENGTH due to the process of HYDROXYAPATITE crystals and TENSILE STRENGTH due to COLLAGEN FIBERS |
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1. Hydroxyapatite: |
-result from the interaction between calcium phosphate with calcium hydroxide - these crystals may also incorporate other ions including SODIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND FLUORIDE. |
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2. Collagen Fibers: |
-provides a framework for the deposition of mineral crystals and contribute to about one-third of the weight of the bone. |
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Cells of Mature Bone: 1. Osteocytes- |
-are mature bones cells that maintain the protein and mineral content of the surrounding bone matrix. |
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Osteocytes occupy spaces called.... |
LACUNAE that are sandwiched between mineralized layers of matrix called LAMELLAE or "layers". |
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Osteocytes communicate with each other by cytoplasmic processes that extend through narrow passageways in the bony matrix called... |
CANALICULI. |
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Canaliculi- |
-permit the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the osteocytes and blood vessels and provide a means for signals to be transferred from one osteocyte to another. |
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2. Osteoblasts |
are precursor cells that are found on the inner and outer surfaces of bone. |
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Osteoblasts secrete the organic components of bone matrix called..... |
osteoid. -The osteoid then becomes mineralized to form bone. |
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The process of bone formation is called.... |
osteogenesis. -When the osteoblast is surrounded by bone matrix it differentiates into an osteocyte. |
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3. Osteoprogenitor Cells: these cells are... |
mesenchymal, or stem cells that can divide and differentiate into osteoblasts. |
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4. Osteoclasts- |
-are giant cells with 50 or more nuclei and are derived from the stem cells that also produce monocytes and macrophages. |
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Osteoblasts secrete.... |
acids that dissolve bone matrix and release calcium and phosphorus into the body fluids. |
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The process of bone erosion by the activities of osteoclasts is called... |
osteolysis. |
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"Family Lineage of the Body's Bone Business" |
1. Grand Daddy: Osteoprogenitor -> stem cells can give rise to variety of other cells. 2. Father: Osteoblasts -"building" : Like a brick wall, each layer of bone is played down in an orderly fashion. 3. Son : Osteocyte: in the lacunae 4. Osteoclasts "cutters" : has its own "lineage" they break down bone with acid secretions. |
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Osseous Tissue Forms 2 Types of Bone: 1. Compact Bone |
-is dense and solid and forms the walls of bone. |
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The basic functional unit of compact bone is: |
osteon (Haversian system) |
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The Osteon consists consists of.... |
CONCENTRIC LAMELLAE ("layers" of bone matrix arranged around a CENTRAL (Haversian) CANAL containing blood vessels. The osteons are cylindrical and aligned parallel to the long axis of the bone. |
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Blood vessels travel from the surface to the central canals and the bone marrow by means of... |
PERFORATING (Volkmann's) CANALS that run roughly perpendicular to the osteons and the bone surface. |
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Lamellae of bone form on the inner and outer surfaces of bone and form what are called:
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CIRCUMFERENTIAL LAMELLAE. |
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INTERSTITIAL LAMELLAE are found between.... |
Osteons and represent lamellae that were once part of an entire osteon or circumferential lamellae. |
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2. Spongy Bone |
is found in the interior of normal bones. |
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In this type of bone parallel lamellae form struts and thin branching plates called: |
TRABECULAE. |
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The rrazbeculae surround spaces that contain.... |
BONE MARROW. |
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Bone marrow is... "the closet of the body." |
loose connective tissue that is dominated either by adipocytes (YELLOW MARROW) or HEMOPOIETIC TISSUE (RED MARROW). *** Fetus' have more red marrow than adults.** * Adults have Red Marrow is restricted areas: chest and hips** |
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Osteons are generally....
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NOT FOUND within spongy bone unless the trabecular are large. Without BVs in a central canal to supply osteocytes nutrients reach the osteocytes by means of canaliculi that open onto the surface of the trabeculum. |
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Spongy bone is found wherever bone is.... |
NOT HEAVILY STRESSED or where the STRESSES COME FROM MANY DIRECTIONS. |
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Periosteum and Endosteum |
The outer and inner surfaces of hollow bones are covered by periosteum and endosteum, respectively. |
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Periosteum: |
the outer surfaces of bone are covered by PERIOSTEUM everywhere expect where one bone articulates with another (the joints) |
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Periosteum Consists of: |
a. FIBROUS OUTER LAYER and a b. CELLULAR INNER LAYER that contains osteoprogenitor cells. |
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The periosteum.... |
1.ISOLATES and PROTECTS the bone from the surrounding tissue. |
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2. contains and supports the... |
BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES that supply bone. |
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3. Participates in ... |
BONE GROWTH AND REPAIR. |
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4. Attaches bone to .... |
DEEP FASCIA. |
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FIBERS IN THE PERIOSTEUM ARE INTERWOVEN WITH.... |
tendons that attach muscles to bone. |
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Fibers and tendons become incorporates into the bone as it grows and strengthen that attachment of the tendon to the bone. These fibers are called..... |
PERFORATING or SHARPEY'S FIBERS. |
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The inside surfaces of the bone relined by a cellular..... |
ENDOSTEUM. -These inner surfaces include the lining of the central and perforating canals and the surfaces on the trabeculae. |
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The endosteum is an incomplete..... |
cellular lining and osteoprogenitor cells, osteoclasts and osteoblasts are present on the exposed surfaces. |
