Bone Pathology Quz Ii

Front 1

_________ is a disorder of bone resorption.

Back 1

Osteopetrosis

Front 2

_________ is a disorder of bone formation.

Back 2

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Front 3

What are the disorders of bone remodeling?

Back 3

Congenital cortical hyperostosis
Craniomandibular osteopathy

Front 4

What are the disorders of endochondral ossification?

Back 4

chondrodystrophies
osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD)
Epiphysiolysis
Cervical vertebral myelopathies

Front 5

What disease is also called marble bone disease?

Back 5

Osteopetrosis (metaphyseal dysplasia)

Front 6

What disease causes the failure of osteoclasts to reabsorb (remodel) the primary spongiosa & secondary spongiosa?

Back 6

Osteopetrosis (metaphyseal dysplasia)

Front 7

What bone disorder causes the spongiosa to persist into the diaphysis?

Back 7

Osteopetrosis (metaphyseal dysplasia)

Front 8

What bone disorder causes the concurrent reduction of medullary spaces that causes spicules of bone to fill the medullary cavity causing aplatic anemia?

Back 8

Osteopetrosis (metaphyseal dysplasia)

Front 9

what bone disorder is also known as diaphyseal dysplasia?

Back 9

Congenital cortical hyperostosis

Front 10

What bone disorder is an autosomal recessive inherited disease of newborn pigs characterized by abnormal periosteal bone formation on major long bones of the limbs?

Back 10

Congenital cortical hyperostosis

Front 11

What bone disorder causes the growth plate to expand in diameter

Back 11

Congenital cortical hyperostosis

Front 12

What bone disorder primarily effects West Highland white or Scottish terrier dogs, is autosomal recessive and is also commonly called
"westie jaw"; "scottie jaw"; "lion jaw"?

Back 12

Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO)

Front 13

What bone disorder causes new periosteal bone formation and irregular resorption?

Back 13

Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO)

Front 14

What bone disorder effects the mandibular, occipital and temporal bones and tympanic bullae ?

Back 14

Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO)

Front 15

What bone disorder causes 1° primary lesions in growth cartilage causing epiphyseal dysplasia?
(spider lamb in Suffolk and Hampshire sheep)

Back 15

Chondrodystrophies

Front 16

What bone disorder causes disproportionate dwarfism or
short-legged animals with normal-sized heads?

Back 16

Chondrodystrophies

Front 17

What bone disorder is a heterogenous group of lesions in growth cartilage of young animals characterized by focal or multifocal failure (or delay) of endochondral ossification?

Back 17

Osteochondrosis

Front 18

What bone disorder causes focal or multifocal retention of growth cartilage due to its failure to become mineralized and replaced by bone (a failure of endochondral ossification)?

Back 18

Osteochondrosis

Front 19

What bone disorder causes dysplastic wedges of cartilage in the growth plate (physis)?

Back 19

Osteochondrosis

Front 20

What are two common sites where Osteochondrosis might occur?

Back 20

distal femurs of pigs
proximal tibia of rapidly growing birds

Front 21

What bone disorder refers to dysplasias at the AE complex that form clefts in the retained cartilage with subsequent fracture of the overlying articular cartilage resulting in a cartilaginous or osteochondral flap?

Back 21

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)

Front 22

What bone disorder results in a flap of cartilage that fractures off and becomes free in the joint space, which is called a joint mouse that could interfere with the mechanical movement of the joint?

Back 22

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)

Front 23

What bone disorder causes the complete seperation of the epiphysis from the metaphysis because of fissure formation horizonitally through the physis?

Back 23

Epiphysiolysis

Front 24

What type of bone disease could have different etiologies

Back 24

metabolic bone disease

Front 25

What type of bone disease could have the same etiology but produce different diseases?

Back 25

metabolic bone disease

Front 26

What metabolic bone disease is characterized by a decrease in bone mass (osteopenia), increase in bone fragility and has normally mineralized bone?

Back 26

Osteoporosis (atrophy)

Front 27

What metabolic bone disease causes an imbalance between bone formation and resorption in favor of resorption?

Back 27

Osteoporosis (atrophy)

Front 28

What are 4 causes of osteoporosis?

Back 28

calcium deficiency
malnutrition
disuse
toxicity

Front 29

How does calcium deficiency cause osteoporosis?

Back 29

hypocalcemia causes increased output of PTH which causes increased bone resorption.

Front 30

What metabolic bone disease causes thin brittle "porous" bones and an increase in osteoclast activity by breaking up bone?

Back 30

osteoporosis

Front 31

What metabolic bone disease causes a reduction in the thickness of cortical bone and an increase in porosity

Back 31

osteoporosis

Front 32

________ is disease of immature bone.

Back 32

rickets

Front 33

________ is characterized by the failure of mineralization with subsequent bone deformities and fractures.

Back 33

rickets

Front 34

What metabolic bone disease causes the softening of bones in young growing animals due to defective mineralization of matrix?

Back 34

rickets

Front 35

What are the major causes of rickets?

Back 35

hypovitaminosis D (mainly)
also, deficiency of calcium and phosphorus due to dietary problems,
malabsorption and renal disease.

Front 36

WHat are the basic lesions seen with rickets?

Back 36

epiphyseal cartilage & bone

Front 37

What metabolic bone disease appear to have broad epiphyses, soft distorted bones, enlarged costochondral junctions (“rachitic rosary”, swollen cartilaginous joints and spontaneous fractures?

Back 37

rickets

Front 38

What is the metabolic bone disease of mature skeleton?

Back 38

osteomalacia

Front 39

What metabolic bone disease is similar to rickets in that it is a failure in the calcification of osteoid during the normal remodeling of bone associated w/ vit. D or P deficiencies?

Back 39

osteomalacia

Front 40

What metabolic bone disease is characterized by a failure of mineralization and a accumulation of excess unmineralized osteoid?

Back 40

osteomalacia

Front 41

What metabolic bone disease only effects the bone of adults after endochondral bone growth has ceased?

Back 41

osteomalacia

Front 42

What metabolic bone disease causes an abnormal quality of bone due to excess resorption and is characterized by increased osteoclastic resorption of bone and replacement by fibrous tissue?

Back 42

Fibrous osteodystrophy

Front 43

What is the etiology of Fibrous osteodystrophy?

Back 43

deficiency of Ca and vitamin D
high dietary Ca:P ratio
severe renal disease
ingestion of high oxalate plants (bind Ca)

Front 44

Describe the pathogenesis of Fibrous osteodystrophy.

Back 44

Occurs from prolonged and excessive secretion of a parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Front 45

What is the cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?

Back 45

It is caused by active parathyroid hyperplasia or parathyroid adenomas

Front 46

What is the outcome of primary hyperparathyroidism?

Back 46

Excess PTH causing excess bone resorption, osteoid deposition and marrow fibroplasia.

Front 47

What is the most common form of hyperparathyroidism and how is it classified?

Back 47

secondary hyperparathyroidism
nutritional or renal.

Front 48

How does nutritional hyperparathyroidism occur?

Back 48

Diets deficient in Ca+,
high in phosphorus
All meat diets fed to dogs and cats
Horses on high-grain/poor quality roughage.

Front 49

________ is due to the failure of elimination of phosphorus from the urine (phosphate retention) causing hyperphosphatemia and the failure of the absorption of Ca causing hypocalcemia.

Back 49

renal hyperparathyroidism

Front 50

What is the form of fibrous osteodystrophy that occurs in horses?

Back 50

bran disease (nutritional)

Front 51

What is the form of fibrous osteodystrophy that occurs in dogs and cats?

Back 51

dogs (rubber jaw)
cats- renal disease (renal osteodystrophy)

Front 52

What is the form of fibrous osteodystrophy that occurs in captive primates and reptiles?

Back 52

nutritional hyperparathyroidism.

Front 53

What nutritional deficiency occurs in calves and pigs fed unsupplemented rations of grain or old hay?

Back 53

Vit. A deficiency

Front 54

________ is a disease of young growing dogs of the large and giant breeds, which usually has spontaneous recovery.

Back 54

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD)

Front 55

________ is also known as metaphyseal osteopathy.

Back 55

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD)

Front 56

What hypertrophic bone disease occurs in humans (Marie’s disease) and domestic animals (most commonly in dogs)?

Back 56

Hypertrophic osteopathy, HOP (hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy, HPO)

Front 57

What hypertrophic bone disease is accompanied by intrathoracic space-occupying masses

Back 57

Hypertrophic osteopathy, HOP (hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy, HPO)

Front 58

Explain the pathogenesis of Hypertrophic osteopathy (hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy).

Back 58

Accompanied by intrathoracic space-occupying mass Pulmonary anastomes allow circulating megakarocytes to bypass the lung, reach the periosteal surface and induce periosteal growth factors.

Front 59

Hypertrophic osteopathy is associated with what?

Back 59

rhabomyosarcoma of urinary bladder (young giant breed dogs)
ovarian neoplasms (horses)

Front 60

What toxic osreodytrophic disease effects growing bones such the metatarsal, mandibles and the pelvis causing them to thicken due to excessive periosteal ossification.

Back 60

Osteofluorosis

Front 61

_______ causes ricket like lesions in bones.

Back 61

Osteofluorosis

Front 62

What toxic osteodytrophic disease isseen in adult cats fed mainly bovine livers?

Back 62

Hypervitaminosis A

Front 63

What syndrome does Hypervitaminosis A cause in cats?

Back 63

ankylosing cervical spondylosis caused by the periosteal surfaces of the vertebrae becoming roughened

Front 64

What toxic osteodytrophic disease causes spondylosis which is the fusion of adjacent vertebrae due to excess bone being laid down?

Back 64

Hypervitaminosis A

Front 65

What toxic osteodytrophic disease can produce bone lesions of osteosclerosis?

Back 65

Hypervitaminosis D

Front 66

What toxic osteodytrophic disease can cause excessive intestinal absorption of calcium, hypercalcemia , skeletal lesions and extraskeletal lesions?

Back 66

Hypervitaminosis D

Front 67

Describe the etiopathogenesis of Hypervitaminosis D.

Back 67

Acute massive exposure causing excessive intestinal absorption causing hypercalcemia and widespread soft tissue mineralization

Front 68

What type of lesions can occur with Hypervitaminosis D?

Back 68

skeletal lesions- denser skeleton due to inhibition of bone resorption and stimulation of bone formation.
extra skeletal lesions- calcification at multiple sites.

Front 69

________ is a piece of necrotic bone isolated from the remaining viable bone becoming pale and chalky and can not be absorbed by osteoclasts.

Back 69

sequestrum

Front 70

What is the possible sequale to bone necrosis?

Back 70

mature bone
scar (callus)
sequestrum
inflammation > proliferation > exostosis

Front 71

What is the significance of sequestrum?

Back 71

can't be absorbed by osteoclasts
small-may dissolve in the exudate or discharge w/ pus.
Large- need to be surgically removed

Front 72

What disease causes aseptic necrosis of the femoral head affecting young, small minature breed dogs

Back 72

Legg-Calve Perthe's disease

Front 73

Actinomyces bovis causes what disease in cattle?

Back 73

lumpy jaw mandibular osteomyelitis

Front 74

What is the most common skeletal neoplasm of dogs?

Back 74

osteosarcoma

Front 75

What skeletal neoplasm is mostly found in mature, large, giant breed dogs?

Back 75

osteosarcoma

Front 76

What is significant about the lesions of osteosarcoma?

Back 76

They first effect the extremities of long bones than can metastasize to other organs.