Bone Anatomy

Front 1

types of bone surface marking

Back 1

1- deprssion and openings<br>2-processes: projections , outgrowth and form joints

Front 2

spinous projection?

Back 2

slender projection from a vertebra

Front 3

what is condyle

Back 3

it is a large process round and articular (makes joint)<br>in the humerus it is called Tronchlea and Capitulum

Front 4

Epicondile

Back 4

is a protuberance above a condyle

Front 5

Fossa

Back 5

shallow depression in the bone

Front 6

tubercle

Back 6

small rounded projection

Front 7

tuberosity

Back 7

a large bony prominance that is not articular

Front 8

Meatus

Back 8

tubelike opening

Front 9

sulcus

Back 9

or groove plural is silci (along the bone to accomodate vessels and nerves)

Front 10

trochaters

Back 10

two very lage projection on femur

Front 11

facet

Back 11

smooth flat or slightly concave or convex articular surface

Front 12

spinous process

Back 12

sharp and slender process (vertebra spinous)

Front 13

Virgil Can Not MAke My Pet Zebra Laugh

Back 13

Vomer-1<br>inf nasal Conchae-2<br>Nasal bones -2<br>Mandible-1<br>Maxilla -2<br>Palatine bones -2<br>Zygomatic bones-2<br>Lacrimal bones-2<br><br>total 14 bones

Front 14

Alveolar process

Back 14

Socket like projection (example in the alveolar process holding the front teeth)

Front 15

palatine bone

Back 15

mouth roof bone

Front 16

Pterion

Back 16

a point in each side of the skull where the Parietal and the Temporal meetas the greater wing of the Sphenoid

Front 17

Fontanels

Back 17

they are called soft spots at birth and they are unossified tissues

Front 18

Paranasal Sinus

Back 18

are air cells and they are the prominent features of the ( frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxillary)

Front 19

Sella Turcica

Back 19

A depression in the middle line of the upper surface of the sphenoid bone in which te PituitaryGland is lodged

Front 20

olfactory foramina

Back 20

one of many Ethmoid plate foramina (CN I through this)

Front 21

Crista Galli

Back 21

Anchoring site forsecuring the brain, it is a Ethmoid process inside the skull

Front 22

ethmoid bone parts and surfaces

Back 22

Olfactory foramina<br>Ethmoidal sinus<br>lateral mass<br>Cribriform plate<br>Crista Galli<br>perpendicular plate<br>sup/midl concha<br>

Front 23

vertebral column sections and bone numbers

Back 23

Cervical vertebrae - 7<br>thoracic vertebrae - 12<br>lumbar vertebrae- 5<br>sacrum - 1<br>coccyx - 1

Front 24

vertebral column Abnormal curves

Back 24

Kyphosis = the thoracic vertebra are pushed outward<br>lacrosis= the lumbar vertebra are pushed inward<br>scoliosis= the vertebral column is curved side ways

Front 25

Sternoclavicular joint

Back 25

is the articular junction of the sternum with the clavicle

Front 26

Acromioclavicular joint

Back 26

the articular joint between the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula(sholder blade)

Front 27

<p>what connects to the conoid tubercel and where does it connect to</p>

Back 27

<p>conoid process on inferior surface of the clavicle bone is to connect the coracoclavicle ligament to the coracoid process of the scapula (shoulder blade</p>

Front 28

Humerus Bone marks and features

Back 28

longest and largest of the upper limb only<br>proximal head articulate with Glenoid Cavity of the scapula<br>Tuberosities : greater (more laterally) and lesser(anteriorly) tuberceles .They are equal Humeral head.<br>Deltoid tuberosity (deltoid muscle attaches)<br>Intertubercular groove (in the upper part close tohead)<br>head , Surgical neck (where most fracture occures), anatomical neck <br>Radial fossa (is where the Radial bone head fits)<br>Coronoid fossa (is where the ulna process fits)<br>lower epicondyle (origin of several flexor muscle)<br>trochlea (or Pulley)<br>capitulum (little head)

Front 29

Distal Humerus (or the lower part of the humerus)

Back 29

Anterior of the humerus:<br>There is the coputulum (latera condyle looks like shiny head connects with the Radial bone)<br> <br>Trochlea (is a medial condyle or Pouley form ajoint with the Ulna bone) <br>and there is lateral an medial Epicondyle (epi-condyle or upon of a condyle or side of condyle looks like a bump)<br>AND JUST ABOVE THOSE TWO M/L EPICONDYLE WILL HAVE two M/L Supercondyler ridges<br>just above the trochlea we have a coronoid fossa (small ditch) that fits into it the coronoid process of the Ulna while the arm i fully closed<br>just above the Coputulum there is another fossa called Radial fossa , same as above when we have the arm closed the Radial head will go in<br><br>on the posterior of humerus:<br>a larger fossa called Olecranon fossa will fit the Elecranon process of the Ulna while hand is fully extended

Front 30

RadioUlnar Articulation:

Back 30

Proximal radioulnarjoint, the radial head articulate with the radial notch of the ulnar<br><br>distal radioulnar joint, the ulnar head articulate with the ulnar notch of the radius

Front 31

<p>Ulnar and Radial bone details</p>

Back 31

<p>the radius is lateral to the ulnar .<br>in between them there is the Interosseous membrane<br>from the top (or proximal) there is the the Trohlear notch of the ulnar that fits as a joint with the trochlear of the humerus<br>Coronoid process that fits into the coronoid fossa of the humerus<br>than comes the Proximal Radioulnar joint<br>for the radius we have the head of Radius the fits into the Radial Fossa of the humerus and glides on the Coputulum of the humurus (which is lateral)<br>from the posterior view we have the Olecranon process of the ulna that fits into the olecranon foss of the humerus when the hand is flexed <br>NOW Distaly ( from the hand's side)<br>Styloid process of the radius(for muscle connection) <br>Head of ulna (notice that the head of ulna in distal as for the head of radius is proximal)<br>then we have the Styloid process of the ulna <br>and they both have a joint called distal Radioulnar joint</p><br>Vey important to remember : the Radial Tuberosity it is medial and inferior to the radial neck and it is for the distal attachment of the Biceps Brachii

Front 32

The carpus (wrist) consist of 8 small bones pr Carpals name them in secquence

Back 32

Proximal Row : Scaphoid , lunate, Triquetrum, pisiform
Distral Row: Trapezium, Trapezoid,Capitate, Hamate

Capitate is the largest one
Scaphoid is the most commonly fractured
Carpal tunnel, is the space between the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum

Hint 32

She Looks Too Prett Try To Catch Her

Front 33

Carpus or wrist has three different bones?

Back 33

Carpals, Metacarpals ans Phalanges

Front 34

What is the name of the joint that connects the Hip Bones Anteriarly?

Back 34

Pubic Symphysis it is Fiber cartilage

Front 35

What is name of the joint that connects the Sacrum to the Ilium of the Hip bone?

Back 35

Sacroliac Joints

Front 36

Name the three bones of the Bony Pelvis:

Back 36

Coxal bones (hip bone), coccyx, Sacrum

Hint 36

CsC

Front 37

What is the name of the socket that holds the femur head to form the articulation joint with the hip?

Back 37

Acetabulum

Front 38

What is the name of the T shape cartilage that seperates the Ilium from the Ischium and the Pubis before the age of 23?

Back 38

Trirdiated catilage

Front 39

The Ilium consist of :

Back 39

Superior Ala and Inferior Body.
Perimeter would be: Iliac Crest, Ant Sup Iliac Spine and Ant Inf Iliac Spine ; oposite to Post Sup Iliac spine And Post Inf Iliac spine ;
Three gluteal Lines : Sup, Ant and Post;
The greater Sciatic notch allows the passage of Sciatic nerve (longest nerve in the body)

Front 40

what is the most prominent feature of the Ischium?

Back 40

Ischium Tuberosities , for muscle attachement it is the strongest of the hip bone.
THe rest features are: ischium body, Lesser sciatic notch; ischial spine; ischial ramus (or branch ) this part fuse with the Pubis

Front 41

Obturator Foramen

Back 41

Is made from the Oubic Arch and the Ischium ramus; hrough the obturatory foramen will pass the Obturator Artery and vein, and the obturator nerve

Front 42

True and false pelvis:

Back 42

False pelvis is the one that does not contain pelvic organs except for the urinary blader when full and uterus when pregnant, it is the upper part from the pelvic brim
True pelvis is the bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim
The Pelvic Brim is a line from the sacral promontory to the uppr part of the pubic symphysis

Front 43

Femur proximal end (bone features)

Back 43

Head;
Fovea Capitis ( this where the transverse acetabular ligament from the Acetabulum of the hip connects) looks liks small notch in the head of the femur.
Greater Trochanter ;
Neck;
IterTrochanteric crest;
Lesser torchanter

Front 44

Tibia (medial) and Fibula (lateral) bones of the leg, their features are:

Back 44

Lateral and medial condyle of the Fibula they articulate with the femur epicondyle to form the knee joint;
Tibial tuberosity,is the attachment site for the patellar ligament;
Lateral Malleolus of the fibia to make the ankle joint.
The Fibula and the tibia they joint distaly and proximarly and called tibiofibular joint

Front 45

Temporal bone features :

Back 45

Madibular fossa (TMJ) makes up joint for the jaw
MAstoid and styloid processes;
Zygomatic process ;
External acoustic meatus;
Foramen lacerum (in between the temporal ,occipital and sphenoid bone) will pass through it the internal carotid artery d the Carotid Foramen makes a pass to a internal caotid artery too;
Jugular foramen in between the temporal and the occipital makes a path to the internal jugular vein and the CN IX, X, XI
Internal acoustic meatus the CN VII, VIII

Front 46

The occipital bone features are :

Back 46

The lanboid suture from the parietal bone side;
The occipitomastoid suture from the temporal side;
Sup and Inf Nuchal lines for muscle attachement;
External occipital protuberance (pointy part it is a clinical landmark)
External occipital crest (seccure ligamentum nuchae)
Foramen magnum for the spinal cord;
Occipital condyle articulate with the C1

Front 47

Sphenoid bone from the optic foramen side we have some characteristics :

Back 47

We see the lesser wind and the greater wings;
Optic foramen/canal for (CN II );
Superior optic fissure (CN III,IV, V1 , VI )
Inferior orbital fissure CN V2;

Front 48

Where would the chewing muscle be connected in the sphenoid bone?

Back 48

Pterygoid process they anchor the pterygoid chewing muscle to the mandible

Front 49

Sphenoid bone internal characteristics :

Back 49

Mainone is the Tuberculum sellae/Sella Turcica is where the ptituiary gland sits

Front 50

Ethmoid bone inside the skull features:

Back 50

Crista Galli , anchoring site for securing the brain;
Cribiform plate, contain olfactory foramina.
Olfactory foramina , CN I passes through it

Front 51

For which bone does Superior and middle nasal concha belong?

Back 51

Ethmoid bone

Front 52

The lateral mass of the ethmoid , akes a part of the -----

Back 52

Orbital foramen

Front 53

In what bones the paranasal sinuses exists?

Back 53

Frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone, maxilla bones

Front 54

Conoid tubercle

Back 54

On the inferior surface if the clavicle bone for the coracoclavicular ligament