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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an ionic, covalent, dative covalent and metallic bond? |
An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons. A dative covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons where one atom provides both electrons to the bond. A metallic bond is the electrostatic attraction between the positive metal cations and the sea of delocalised electrons. |
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What is electronegativity and how does it affect the type of bond? |
Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to withdraw electron density to itself in a covalent bond. Atoms with high electronegativity are electronegative as oppose to electropositive. A large difference in electronegativity means an ionic bond- it is as if the electrons have been transferred. Small difference means covalent bond as the bonding electrons are shared equally. Noble gases do not formed so no electronegativity. Identical atoms cannot be ionic therefore. |
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What is a polar covalent bond? |
A polar covalent bond is a bond where the two atoms have different electronegativity causing an atom with a slight negative charge and the other to have a slight positive charge. It is the unequal sharing of bonding electrons in a covalent bond. |
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What are sigma and pi bonds? |
Sigma bonds are the first bonds made with any other atom. Pi bonds are the 2rd or 3rd bond made with the atom. |
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What are the 3 types of intermolecular force? |
Van der Waals- electrostatic attraction between temporary dipoles and induced dipoles- greater number of electrons stronger forces. Larger surface area greater ability to induce dipole. Dipole-Dipole bonding is the electrostatic attraction between two permanent dipoles. Hydrogen bonding exists between a Hydrogen (+) and N,O or F (-) atom due to large difference in electronegativity. |
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How does hydrogen bonding effect the density of ice? |
Ice has a low density as the water molecules in ice are further apart so there are gaps in the structure so less dense. |
