Boise State- International Relations- Test 2

Front 1

power

Back 1

the ability to make someone continue a course of action, change what he or she is doing, or refrain from acting.

Front 2

power potential

Back 2

the relative capabilities or resources held by a state that are considered necessary to its asserting influence over others

Front 3

Trends in armed conflict

Back 3

-civil war is growing
-big powers are not fighting as much
-Global South has the most conflict (least stable countries)

Front 4

Interstate war vs Civil war

Back 4

Interstate- between states
Civil war- war in one state

Front 5

Utility of war

Back 5

Value minus Cost

Front 6

Rationality assumption

Back 6

Balance of power relies on the fact that leaders are rational.

Front 7

Assumption of risk aversion

Back 7

Balance of power assumes that leaders are risk adverse and cautious. But some are risk acceptant (gamblers)

Front 8

"Rules" of balance of power system

Back 8

-be vigilant
-seek alliances whenever you cannot match the armaments of your adversaries
-alliances should remain flexible
-oppose any state that seeks hegemony
-be moderate in victory

Front 9

Flexible, amoral alliances

Back 9

alliances should be separate from morals and ethics. Ex. Churchill and Stalin

Front 10

Polarized alliances

Back 10

"Two" big powers and everyone aligns with one or another. "Polarized"

Front 11

Balancer

Back 11

an influential global or regional state that throws its support in decisive fashion to the weaker side of the balance of power

Front 12

Secret diplomacy

Back 12

be able to form alliances quickly and quietly before enemies know what's up

Front 13

great-power concert

Back 13

when many great powers ally together to keep the balance of power amongst themselves fairly equal

Front 14

Concert of Europe

Back 14

everyone plays by certain rules, and rivals. Assumes there is a hidden hand behind it all. Well, things can get out of alignment. Europeans tried to put order. Any time the great powers get together to discuss their differences and resolve without war

Front 15

bandwagoning

Back 15

some little states bind with the strong rather than balance against them

Front 16

cleavages: crosscutting

Back 16

multi-power. A and B disagree on somethings, but agree on others. Difference are all jumbled up. War is less likely

Front 17

cleavages: overlapping

Back 17

disagree on one thing, disagree on all ten. bipolar system most likely. War more likely. Lots of hostility

Front 18

"rules" of collective security system

Back 18

-All threats to peace must be a common concern to everyone
-Every member of the state system should join the collective security organization
-Members of the organization pledge to settle their disputes through specific means
-If a breach of the peace occurs, the organization will apply timely, robust sanctions to punish the aggressor

Front 19

League of Nations vs UN

Back 19

-quickly put together/better thought out
-major chances to stop aggressors when it didn't/helps things better

Front 20

Types of sanctions

Back 20

-Declaration- statement of principle
-Resolution- declaration of principle that calls upon someone to do something
-convention (multilateral treaty)- declaration of value, someone to do something, and signature of parties that say they will actually do it.

Front 21

Manchurian War
Chaco War
Italian-Ethopian war

Back 21

All wars where the League of Nations failed to act.

Front 22

UN General Assembly

Back 22

-meets in NYC
-main deliberative body, legistatlor
-192 members
-1 vote each, majority rules, except on IMPORT ISSUES which require 2/3 vote

Front 23

US Security Council/veto

Back 23

-deals with issues of war and peace
-15 members
-5 permanent with veto power: US, Russia, Great Britain, France, China
-10 nonpermanent, no veto power, serve 2 year terms
-controversy: permanent members

Front 24

UN Secretariat

Back 24

-run by Secretary General
-bureaucracy
-8,000 people working, 8,000 with temp positiions
-budget

Front 25

trends in UN membership

Back 25

how many people are in the UN and how many people are now in the UN. 50 members up to 100+ members. Increased. Who are the members? Beginning, all mostly US allies. Up to 1960. 1980s or 1990s. US allies do not make up a majority of membership. US now doesn’t win as often in the general assembly. We use the veto more often because it is our greatest source of power. Lots of people unaligned, and looking at self-interest. Sometimes vote with US, sometimes vote against.

Front 26

Financial veto

Back 26

You can say "I won't pay" and that gives you power. Big powers pay lots of dues

Front 27

preventative diplomacy/peacekeeping

Back 27

-didn't have to name an aggressor
-in cases that it looked like 2 countries were going to fight, UN would send in peaces keeping, a symbol saying to the 2 sides, talk it out instead of fighting
-volunteer army

Front 28

limitations of international law and organization

Back 28

No higher power, no police force, based on treaties, can't enforce treaties, etc.

Front 29

deterrence vs compellence and preemption

Back 29

deterrence- make someone NOT do something
compellence- make someone do something (harder)

Front 30

ways of deterring

Back 30

-punishment
capability, credibility, and communication

Front 31

Preemption

Back 31

A quick first strike attack that seeks to destroy an enemy before they can find a way to retaliate

Front 32

Preventative

Back 32

A war of prevention.

Front 33

Preemption vs Preventative

Back 33

Take out the enemy quickly v attacking before they even get into power

Front 34

Credible threat of punishment

Back 34

convincing the other side you have a weapon and are willing to use it

Front 35

massive retaliation

Back 35

a policy of responding to any act of aggression with the most destructive capabilities available, including nuclear weapons

Front 36

mutual assured destruction (MAD)

Back 36

balance of terror. Cold War

Front 37

second strike capability

Back 37

a state's capacity to retaliate after absorbing a first-strike attack with weapons of mass destruction

Front 38

TRIAD

Back 38

ICBMs, SLBMs, and Bombers. Triad makes it awfully difficult for someone to bomb you and get away with it

Front 39

ICBM

Back 39

InterContinental Ballistic Missiles- can fly from one continent and then hit another

Front 40

SLBMs

Back 40

Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles

Front 41

NUTS

Back 41

Nuclear Utilization Theorists. Like any other weapon, just make a bigger noise. Humans always use the weapons they make. We have to think and plan for actually using the weapons so they will be careful not to use their own nuclear weapons.

Front 42

nuclear winter

Back 42

The end of the world. nuclear blast goes off, mushroom cloud, lots of debree, blocks sunlight, temp of earth drops suddenly, end of the world if plant life dies.

Front 43

counter value

Back 43

Maybe I can deter you better by threatening the thing you value the most (population)

Front 44

force targeting/ counter-force targeting

Back 44

Launching against military bases or installations

Front 45

brinkmanship

Back 45

threatening to pull someone over the brink and into nuclear war

Front 46

nuclear proliferation

Back 46

spread of nuclear weapons into other countries. US Russia China France Britain France Israel, Pakistan,

Front 47

launch on warning

Back 47

a policy that wouldn't have been a good idea. The idea of launching simply on a warning of attack.

Front 48

SDI

Back 48

Strategic Defense Initiative. Lazer-beam satellite weapons around the world to shoot down missiles. STAR WARS

Front 49

Dense pack

Back 49

Putting all your missiles in one place. "We let them attack our cities, but at least they don't attack our missiles!"

Front 50

ASAT

Back 50

Antisatellite weapon. Weapon designed to knock out satellite

Front 51

ABM

Back 51

Missile that can shoot another missile

Front 52

MIRV

Back 52

Multiple Independently Targeted Missile. Multiple warheads on top of one missile

Front 53

Arms Race

Back 53

Racing to get the most weapons.

Front 54

Unilateral arms control

Back 54

A form of arms control. When countries form an agreement and reduce their arms....??? FIND OUT!

Front 55

Forced arms control

Back 55

Another form of arms control. Ex. When everyone beat Germany...??? FIND OUT!

Front 56

Mutual arms control

Back 56

A form of arms control. When countries form an agreement and reduce their arms....??? FIND OUT!

Front 57

Tacit agreement

Back 57

both sides understand that signing the treaty is in both of their interests

Front 58

Reciprocity

Back 58

Find out.

Front 59

Verification

Back 59

Find out.

Front 60

Reconnaissance satellites

Back 60

Find out.

Front 61

SALT treaty

Back 61

LLLLimit. Freeze nuclear weapon growth

Front 62

START Treaty

Back 62

arms control. Control offensive arms race in nuclear weapons Stragetic Arm RRRReduction Treaty- lower number of weapons both sides had.

Front 63

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

Back 63

All countries that already had nuclear weapons promising to not give to any other country that doesn't already have nuclear weapons

Front 64

general disarmament

Back 64

generally reduce your arms

Front 65

Specific disarmament

Back 65

Specific weapon in a specific location. Ex. great lakes and that one warship

Front 66

FOBs

Back 66

functional orbital Bombardment system. No one did it because we knew the other side would do it. No one likes that

Front 67

INF Treaty

Back 67

treaty was a disarmament. Specific weapons in specific place. Agreed to get rid of intermediate weapons in Europe

Front 68

Rush-Bagot Treaty

Back 68

eliminate war ships on the Great lakes. Getting rid of a specific type of weapon in a specific place