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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Awareness of oneself and the environment.
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Consciousness
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A periodic, more or less regular fluctuation in a biological system; may or may not have a psychological implications.
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Biological Rhythm
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The synchronization of biological rhythms with external cues, such as fluctuations in daylight.
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Entrainment.
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Generated from within rather than by external cues.
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Endogenous
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A biological rhythm with a period of about 24 hours (i.e. sleep-wake cycle, body temperature fluctuation).
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Circadian Rhythm.
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A biological rhythm that occurs less frequently than once a day (i.e. menstrual cycle approx. every 28 days)
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Infradian Rhythm.
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A biological rhythm that occurs more frequently than once a day (i.e. stomach contractions, hormone levels, altertness).
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Ultradian Rhythm.
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An area of the brain containing a biological clock that governs circadian rhythms (located in the hypothalamus).
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Suprachiasmatic Nucleus.
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A hormone secreted by the pineal gland; it is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms.
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Melatonin.
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A state in which biological rhythms are not in phase (synchronized) with one another.
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Internal Desynchronization.
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A controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during the winter and an improvement of mood in the spring.
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Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
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A disorder in which breathing briefly stops during sleep, causing the person to choke and gasp and momentarily awaken.
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Sleep Apnea
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A sleep disorder involving sudden and unpredictable daytime attacks of sleepiness or lapses into REM sleep.
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Narcolepsy.
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Sleep periods characterized by eye movement, loss of muscle tone, and dreaming.
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Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep.
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A dream in which the dreamer is aware of dreaming.
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Lucid Dream
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The theory that dreaming results from the cortical synthesis and interpretation of neural signals triggered by activity in the lower part of the brain.
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Activation-Synthesis Theory
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A drug capable of influencing perception, mood, cognition, or behaviour.
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Psychoactive Drug
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Drugs that speed up activity in the central nervous system. (i.e. nicotine, caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines, speed).
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Stimulants.
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Drugs that slow down activity in the central nervous system. (i.e. alcohol, tranquilizers, barbiturates).
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Depressants.
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Drugs, derived from the opium poppy, that relieve pain and commonly produce euphoria. (i.e. opium, morphine, heroin, methadone).
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Opiates.
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Consciousness-altering drugs that produce hallucinations, change thought processes, or disrupt the normal perception of time and space.
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Psychedelic Drugs.
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Increased resistance to a drug's effects accompanying continued use.
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Tolerance.
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Physical and psychological symptoms that occur when someone addicted to a drug stops taking it.
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Withdrawal Symptoms.
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A procedure in which the practitioner suggests changes in the sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behavior of the participant.
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Hypnosis
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A split in consciousness in which one part of the mind operates independently of others (proposed by Ernest Hilgard)
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Dissociation.
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Theory that suggests hypnosis results from an interaction between the social influence of they hypnotist and the beliefs (or expectations) of the subject.
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Sociocognitive Theory
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Most psychoactive drugs produce their effects primarily by acting on ...
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Neurotransmitters.
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Delta waves are characteristic of...
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Non-REM Sleep
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In very large doses this type of drug can cause heart failure, convulsions, and death.
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Stimulants.
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This theory suggests that dreaming is a continuation of our daytime thought processes.
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Cognitive Theory
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The theory that dreams express unconscious wishes, thoughts, and conflicts (Freud).
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Psychoanalytic Theory
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The theory that dreams express concerns of waking life and/or resolve current concerns and issues.
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Problem-Focused Theory
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The theory that dreams serve to eliminate and/or strengthen neural connections in the brain.
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Mental House-Keeping
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