Body Plans

Front 1

Spherical

Back 1

divides body into equivalent, or mirrored halves. This type of symmetry is found rare in animals.

Front 2

Radial

Back 2

similiar pieces when divided in the longitudinal plane, tubular, case, or bowl shaped.

Hint 2

sponges, hydras, jellyfish, sea urchins

Front 3

Bi- radial

Back 3

like radial except has a part that is either single or paired

Front 4

bilateral symmetry

Back 4

applies to animals that can be divided along a sagittal plane into two mirrored portions -- right and left halves.

Front 5

anterior

Back 5

used to designate the head end

Front 6

posterior

Back 6

the opposite or tail end

Front 7

dorsal

Back 7

the back side

Front 8

ventral

Back 8

the front or belly side

Front 9

Medial

Back 9

refers to the midline of the body

Front 10

lateral

Back 10

to the sides

Front 11

distal

Back 11

parts are farther from the middle of the body

Front 12

proximal

Back 12

parts are nearer, attachment at distance

Front 13

frontal plane

Back 13

called coronal divides a bilateral body into dorsal and ventral halves by running through the anteroposterior axis and the right left axis at the right angles

Front 14

sagital plane

Back 14

down middle, the plane dividing an animal into right and left halves

Front 15

transverse plane

Back 15

also called cross section, would cut through a dorsoventral and a right left axis at right angles to both the saggital and frontal planes and would result in anterior and posterior portions.

Front 16

acoelomate

Back 16

no body cavity surrounding the gut, worms

Front 17

Pseudocoelomate

Back 17

these animals have a tube within a tube arrangement as do animals with a true coelom. opening from mouth to anus. no lining.

Front 18

Eucoelomate

Back 18

true coelom lined by mesodermal peritoneum. Formed by schizocorlour and enterocoelous.

Front 19

schizocoelous

Back 19

splitting of mesodermal layers

Front 20

enterocoelous

Back 20

formation the coelom comes from pouches of the primative gut or archenteron

Front 21

Metamerism

Back 21

serial repetition of similar body segments along the longitudinal axis of the body

Front 22

Metamerism

Back 22

serial repetition of similar body segments along the longitudinal axis of the body. Each segment is called a metamere or somite.

Front 23

cephalization

Back 23

is found in bilaterally symmetrical animals. The concentration of nervous tissue and sense organs in a head bestows obvious advantages to an animal moving through its enviorment head first.

Front 24

How many phyla of multicellular animals do zoologists recognize today?
a) 32
b) 64
c) 100

Back 24

a) 32

Front 25

A major evolutionary innovation appearing within bilateral animals is a fluid-filled space that surrounds the gut. This space, either a pseudocoelom or a true coelom, provides a tube-within-a-tube arrangement that allows much greater flexibility of the body cavity.
True or False

Back 25

True

Front 26

What type of tissue covers an external or internal surface to provide a protective covering?
a) Ciliated cuboidal epithelium
b) squamous epithelium
c) Hyaline cartilage
d) Cardiac muscle

Back 26

b) squamous epithelium

Front 27

Which of the following tissue types would be closely connected for functional reasons?
a) Striated muscle fibers and motor nerve endings
b) Bone and squamous epithelium
c) Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and cardiac muscle

Back 27

a) Striated muscle fibers and motor nerve endings

Front 28

Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?
a) blood
b)bone
c) cariledge
d) cardiac muscle

Back 28

d) cardiac muscle

Front 29

Skeletal muscle is distinguished from smooth muscle in that the former has...
A) Striations
B) Multiple nuclei
C)Extremely long, cylindrical cells
D)Voluntary contractions under conscious cerebral control
E)All of the above are correct

Back 29

E)All of the above are correct

Front 30

Which of the following is NOT a form of symmetry?
a) Spherical
b) Radial
c) Biradial
d)Bilateral
e) all of the above

Back 30

e) all of the above

Front 31

Which of the following opposing pairs is mismatched?
A) Anterior-posterior
B) Dorsal-ventral
C) Distal-proximal
D) None of the above opposing pairs is mismatched

Back 31

D) None of the above opposing pairs is mismatched

Front 32

A true coelom differs from a pseudocoelom in that the former...
A) Has a lining of mesoderm
B) Has a lining of digitized metameric somites
C) Has a lining of schizocoelous amoeboid parenchyma

Back 32

A) Has a lining of mesoderm

Front 33

Which of the following generally correlates with an increase in anatomical complexity
A) An increase in body size
B) Improved homeostasis (e.g., temperature regulation)
C) Reduced energy cost of locomotion
D) All of the above correlate with an increase in anatomical complexity

Back 33

D) All of the above correlate with an increase in anatomical complexity

Front 34

During a dissection, a zoologist made a cut beginning with the dorsal surface and concluded between the pectoral and pelvic appendages on the ventral surface. This cut would be described as a cut through which plane?
A) Frontal
B) Sagittal
C) Transverse
D) Discoidal

Back 34

C) Transverse

Front 35

Epithelium may be modified to form...
A) Glands
B) Connective tissue
C) Lacunae
D) Ground substance

Back 35

A) Glands

Front 36

Which of the following is a pseudocoelomate animal?
A) A sponge
B) A nematode
C) A fish

Back 36

B) A nematode

Front 37

In animals with enterocoelous development, the coelom comes from pouches of the archenteron

True or False

Back 37

True

Front 38

Transitional epithelium is a type of stratified epithelium, and is found in the urinary tract of vertebrates.
True or False

Back 38

True