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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the major events in embryonic development that occur in week 4?
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Nerulation
Somites form Heartbeat Pharyngeal arches form Midbrain flexure happens GI, endocrine formation Limb buds |
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How large is the embryo in week 4?
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2-5 mm
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What tissues are derived from the ectoderm?
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CNS
PNS Sensory epithelium of the face Skin (hair, nais) Glands Enamel of teeth |
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Where are two places that the mesoderm is not found?
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Oropharyngeal membrane
Anal membrane You need to be able to eat and poop! |
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What does the axial mesoderm form?
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Notochord
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What does the paraxial mesoderm form?
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Somites
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What does the middle region of the mesoderm form?
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GU system
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What does the lateral plate form?
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Muscles of the body wall (somatic)
Muscles of the digestive tract (visceral) |
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What three tissues does a somite differentiate into?
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Sclerotome
Myotome Dermatome |
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What structures are derived from the somites?
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Muscles of the: head, trunk, limbs
Skeleton Dermis Connective tissue |
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What is the direction of somite formation?
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Cranially --> Caudally
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What type of cells is a somite made of? What is the structure?
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Epithelial cells (majority) on the outside of a ball with a few mesenchymal cells
Ectoderm is over the top of everything |
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What protein is used to transform mesoderm back into epithelium? How does it do this?
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Noggin
Inhibition of BMP-4 |
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What is the function of Noggin?
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Transformation of mesoerm back into epithelium during somitogenesis
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What do the somites differentiate into?
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Sclerotome
Dermomyotome |
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What two proteins are responsible for the differentiation of the dermatome?
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BMP
Wnt |
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Wnt signalling is important in what portion of the dermamyotome? What does this form?
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Dorsal portion
Axial musculature |
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BMP signalling is important in what part of the myotome? What does this form?
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Ventral portion
Muscles of the limbs, lateral and ventral body wall |
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What structures does the sclerotome form?
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Vertebrae
Ribs Meninges |
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What does the somatic lateral plate mesoderm form?
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Body wall
Limb buds Amnion |
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What does the visceral (splanchnic) lateral plate mesoderm form?
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Heart
Viscera Yolk sac |
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What proteins are essential in the establishment of the heart field?
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BMP2,4
Wnt- NKX-2.5 (tinman) |
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Where in the embryo does the heart grow?
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At the interface between BMP 2,4 (outside) and the WNT inhibitors.
Here, NKX (tinman) is present |
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What two cavities surround the lateral plate mesoderm/
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Amnion
Yolk sac |
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Where is the origin of WNT inhibition?
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AVE
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What is the path in space that the cardiogenic plate takes during embryonic development?
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1. Ventro-lateral to pharynx
2. Goes below the embryo due to bending of the structure |
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What is the segmentation of the endoderm?
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Pharyngeal gut
Foregut Midgut Hindgut |
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What are the components of the foregut?
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Trachea
Esophagus Stomach Duodenum Liver Pancreas |
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What are the components of the midgut?
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Small intestine
Ascending colon Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon |
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What are the components of the hindgut?
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Distal 1/3 of transverse colon
Descending colon Rectum Cloacal plate |
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What portion of the gut rotates?
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Midgut
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What does the yolk sac form?
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Umbilical ord
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What is gastroschisis?
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The gut doesn't go back into the body.
SURGERY!!! |
