Body Parts

Front 1

axillary

Back 1

armpit

Front 2

brachial

Back 2

upper arm

Front 3

buccal, (oral)

Back 3

mouth

Front 4

cardiac

Back 4

heart

Front 5

cervical

Back 5

neck

Front 6

cranial

Back 6

head

Front 7

cutaneous

Back 7

skin

Front 8

deltoid

Back 8

shoulder

Front 9

femoral

Back 9

thigh

Front 10

frontal

Back 10

forehead

Front 11

gastric

Back 11

stomach

Front 12

gluteal

Back 12

buttocks

Front 13

hepatic

Back 13

liver

Front 14

Coxal

Back 14

hip

Front 15

inguinal

Back 15

groin

Front 16

lumbar

Back 16

spine lower

Front 17

mammary

Back 17

breast

Front 18

nasal

Back 18

nose

Front 19

occipital

Back 19

back of head

Front 20

orbital

Back 20

eye

Front 21

parietal

Back 21

crown of head

Front 22

patellar

Back 22

kneecap

Front 23

pectoral

Back 23

chest

Front 24

perineal

Back 24

pelvic floor

Front 25

plantar

Back 25

sole of foot

Front 26

popliteal

Back 26

back of knee

Front 27

pulmonary

Back 27

lungs

Front 28

renal

Back 28

kidney

Front 29

sacral

Back 29

base of spine

Front 30

temporal

Back 30

side of head

Front 31

umbilical

Back 31

naval

Front 32

volar (palmar)

Back 32

palm

Front 33

pathophysiology

Back 33

is the study of disorders of functioning

Front 34

Levels of Organization
there are 5, 6 sorta

Back 34

1. chemical level
2. cellular level
3. tissue level
4. organ level
5. organ system level
6. organism level

Front 35

chemicals make up the body there are 2 categories?

Back 35

Inorganic
organic

Front 36

inorganic chemicals

Back 36

are usually simple molecules made of one or two elements other than carbon (with a few exceptions)

Front 37

examples of inorganic chemicals

Back 37

water h2o, oxygen o2, carbon dioxide co2, and minerals such as iron calcium and sodium

Front 38

organic chemicals

Back 38

are often very complex and always contain hydrogen

Front 39

examples of organic chemicals

Back 39

carbs, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids

Front 40

cells

Back 40

the smallest living units of structure and function

Front 41

tissues

Back 41

is a group of cells with similar structure and funtion there are 4 groups

Front 42

the 4 groups of tissues are

Back 42

epithelial tissues
connective tissues
muscles tissues
nerve tissues

Front 43

epithilial tissues

Back 43

cover or line the body surfaces,"", examples are the outer layer of skin, and sweat glands.. internal epithelial tissues include the walls of capillaries and the kidney tubules

Front 44

connective tissues

Back 44

connect and support parts of the body, some transport or store materials,"", examples are blood, bone carilage and adipose tissue

Front 45

muscle tissue

Back 45

specialized for contraction, brings about movement, skelatal muscles and the heart are examples,"",smooth muscles are found in organs such as the urinary bladder and stomach.

Front 46

nerve tissue

Back 46

specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses that regulate body functions the brain and the optic nerve are examples

Front 47

organs

Back 47

is a group of tissues precisely arranged so as to accomplish specific functions examples are kidneys liver lungs and stomach

Front 48

organ systems

Back 48

is a group of organs that all contribute to a particular function examples are urinary system, digestive system, and respiratory system

Front 49

the 11 organ systems are

Back 49

1. integumentary
2. skeletal
3. muscular
4. nervous
5. endocrine
6. circulatory
7. lympatic
8. respiratory
9. digestive
10. urinary
11. reproductive

Front 50

integumentary

Back 50

functions: is a brrier to pathogens and chemicals,"",,"", prevents excessice water loss
examples: skin, hair, subcutaeous tissue

Front 51

skeletal

Back 51

functions: supports the body, protects internal organs, provides a framework to be moved by muscles
examples: bones ligaments

Front 52

muscular

Back 52

fuctions: moves the skeleton, produces heat
examples: muscles, tendons

Front 53

nervous

Back 53

functions: interprets sensory information, regulates body functions such as movement by means of electrochemical impulses,
examples: brain, nerves, eyes, ears

Front 54

endocrine

Back 54

functions: regulates body functions by means of hormones,
examples: thyroid gland pituitary gland,

Front 55

circulatory

Back 55

functions: transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste products
examples: heart blood and arteries

Front 56

lymphatic

Back 56

functions: returns tissue fluid to the blood, destroys pathogens that enter the body,
examples: spleen lymph nodes

Front 57

respiratory

Back 57

functions: exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood.
examples: lungs, trachea, larynx

Front 58

digestive

Back 58

functions: changes food to simple chemicals that can be absorbed and used by the body
examples: stomach, colon, liver

Front 59

urinary

Back 59

funtions: removes waste products from the blood, regulates volume and ph of blood
examples: kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra

Front 60

reproductive

Back 60

functions: produces eggs or sperm, in women provides a site for the developing embryo-fetus,
examples: female-ovaries, uterus, male-testes, prostate gland

Front 61

homeostasis

Back 61

reflects the ability of the body to maintain relative stability and to function normally dispite constant changes

Front 62

negative feedback

Back 62

which the body's response reverses the stimulus

Front 63

positive feedback

Back 63

the response to the stimulus does not stop or reverse the stimulus but insteadkeeps the sequence of eventsgoing

Front 64

anatomic position

Back 64

standing upright facing forward arms at the sides with palms forward and feet slightly apart

Front 65

body cavities

Back 65

dorsal cavity
ventral cavity
cranial cavity
spinal cavity
thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity

Front 66

dorsal cavity

Back 66

the dorsal cavity contains the central nervous system, and consists of the cranial cavity and the vertibral or spinal cavity

Front 67

cranial cavity

Back 67

the cranial cavity is formed by the skull and contains the brain

Front 68

spinal cavity

Back 68

is formed by the backbone(spine) and contains the spinal cord

Front 69

meninges

Back 69

the membrane that lines the spinal and cranial cavities and cover the brain and spinal cord

Front 70

ventral cavity

Back 70

consists of 2 compartments, the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity seperated by the diaphram

Front 71

diaphram

Back 71

is a large domeshaped respiratory muscles is the wall between the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Front 72

thoracic cavity

Back 72

contains the heart and lungs the membranes of this cavity are serous membrased called pleural membranes

Front 73

plueral membranes

Back 73

the membranes of the thoracic cavity and serous membranes, the parietal pleura lines the chest wall and the visceral pleura covers the lungs. the heart has its own set of serous membranes

Front 74

pericardial membranes

Back 74

the heart lining, the parietal pericardium lines the fibrous pericardial sac and the visceral pericardium covers the heart muscle

Front 75

abdominal cavity

Back 75

includes the liver stomach and intestines the membranes of the abdominal cavity are also serous membranes called the peritoneum and mesentery

Front 76

peritoneum

Back 76

is the membrane that lines the entire abdominal wall

Front 77

mesentery

Back 77

is the continuation of peritoneum folded around and covering the outer surfaces of the abdominal organs

Front 78

pelvic cavity

Back 78

is inferior to the abdominal cavity, contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs such as the uterus in women and prastate gland in men

Front 79

sectioned

Back 79

cut

Front 80

plane

Back 80

is an imaginary flat surface that seperates two portions of the body or an organ

Front 81

frontal (coronal) section

Back 81

a plane from side to side seperates the body into front and back portions

Front 82

sagittal section

Back 82

a plane from fron to back separates the body into right and left portions a midsagittal section creates equal right and left halves

Front 83

transverse section

Back 83

a horizontal plane separates te body into upper and lower portions

Front 84

cross-section

Back 84

a plane perpendicular to the long axis of an organ, a crosssection of the small intestince would look like a circle with the cavity of the intestine in the center

Front 85

longitudinal section

Back 85

a plane along the axis of an organ,

Front 86

quadrants

Back 86

a transverse plane and a midsagittal plane that cross at the umbilicus divides the abdomen into 4 quadrants

Front 87

nine areas,"", 2 transverse planes and 2 sagittal planes divide the abdomen into 9 areas what are they?

Back 87

right hypochondriac, epigastric region, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric region, left iliac

Front 88

the suture between the right and left parietal bones

Back 88

sagittal suture

Front 89

the suture between the parietal and temporal bones

Back 89

squamous suture

Front 90

the suture between the frontal and parietal bones

Back 90

coronal suture

Front 91

the suture between the parietal and occipital bone

Back 91

lambdoid suture

Front 92

the 6 major bones that form the orbit

Back 92

maxilla, frontal bone, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, zygomatic

Front 93

2 major bones that make up the nasal cavity

Back 93

vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid

Front 94

8 paired bones of the skull

Back 94

parietal, temporal, zygomatic, nasal, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha

Front 95

6 unpaired bones of the skull

Back 95

frontal, occipital, mandibular, sphenoid, ethmoid, vomer

Front 96

the large hole through which the spinal cord passes as it exits the skull is called the __________ and is located in the __________ bone.

Back 96

foramen magnum, occipital

Front 97

the anatomical name for he outer passageway that leads into the ear is the ___________ and it is located within the __________ bone.

Back 97

external acoustic meatus, temperal

Front 98

which view can you see the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Back 98

floor of the cranial cavity

Front 99

which view can you see the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone

Back 99

inferior

Front 100

which view can you see the crista galli of the ethmoid bone

Back 100

floor of the cranial cavity

Front 101

which view can you see the perpendicular plate and the middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone

Back 101

anterior

Front 102

the bones that make up the roof of the mouth

Back 102

maxilla, palatine

Front 103

the ______________ are the parts of the upper and lower jaws that contain the sockets for the teeth

Back 103

alveolar process

Front 104

4 paranasal sinuses are named for the bones in which they are located. name these 4 sinuses.

Back 104

frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid

Front 105

the name of the soft spot on a baby's skull

Back 105

anterior fontanelle

Front 106

how can you distinguish cervical vertebrae from other types?

Back 106

smallest in size, large foramen, after C1 they have bifids only found in the cervical vertebrae, transverse foramen, transverse process

Front 107

how can you distinguish thoracic vertebrae from other types?

Back 107

heart shaped body, costal facets for rib attachment, spinous process is long and slender

Front 108

how can you distinguish lumbar vertebrae from other types?

Back 108

body is large, no costal facets, vertebral foramen is triangular, blunt spinous process

Front 109

name the hole in each vertebra through which the spinal cord passes

Back 109

vertebral foramen

Front 110

name the holes between the vertebrae, through which the spinal nerves pass as they leave the spinal cord.

Back 110

intervertebral foramen

Front 111

of the 3 portions of the sternum which one is most superior ___________? most inferior __________?

Back 111

manubrium, xiphoid process

Front 112

what distinguishes the true (vertebrosternal) ribs from the vertebrochondral pairs of false ribs?

Back 112

the costal cartilages

Front 113

what is distinctive about the last 2 pairs of false ribs (vertebral or floating ribs)?

Back 113

they are floating and don't contain costal cartilage

Front 114

the anatomical name for cheekbone

Back 114

zygomatic

Front 115

bone making up the forehead

Back 115

frontal

Front 116

upper jaw

Back 116

maxilla

Front 117

lower jaw

Back 117

mandibular

Front 118

kneecap

Back 118

patella

Front 119

collarbone

Back 119

clavical

Front 120

shoulder blade

Back 120

scapula

Front 121

shinbone

Back 121

tibia

Front 122

wrist bones in general

Back 122

carpal

Front 123

ankle bones in general

Back 123

media tarsal

Front 124

bones in fingers

Back 124

flanges

Front 125

the whole bone that articulates with zygomatic process of the temporal bone

Back 125

zygomatic

Front 126

whole bone that articulates with mandibular condyle

Back 126

temporal

Front 127

whole bone that articulates with occipital condyles

Back 127

atlas or C1

Front 128

whole bone that articulates with dens (odontoid process)

Back 128

axis or C2

Front 129

whole bone that articulates with manubrium

Back 129

sternum

Front 130

whole bone that articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula

Back 130

humerous

Front 131

acromion (acromion process)

Back 131

clavical