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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 main types of Gram Positive Cocci?
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Staphylococcus
Streptococcus Enterococcus |
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What are the two main types of Staphylococci?
These types of bacteria often cause what type of infections? |
S. aureus
S. epidermidis Common in catheter infections. Opportunists (especially S. aureus) |
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What is unique to S. aureus that is useful in diagnosis?
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It is coagulase positive. This will be seen as a black precipitaion in a coagulase test.
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S. aureus produces a lot of these which make us feel sick?
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Toxins.
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Besides coagulase, S. aureus also produces Protein A, what does it do?
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Protein A is on the surface of S. aureus which prevents macrophages from binding to the bacteria (takes up receptor sites).
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Where is someone likely to get a S. aureus infection?
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A hospital (lowered immunity).
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What does 'aureus' mean?
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Gold. Color of S. aureus.
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Where do S. aureus live?
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Everywhere.
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What are some of the important types of Streptococci?
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1. S. pyogenes
2. S. agalactiae 3. S. pneumoniae 4. S. sanguis/S. salivarius/ S. mutans Also: Enterococci (not strep) |
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S. pyogenes: alpha or beta hemolytic?
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Beta hemolytic.
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What is another name for S. pyogenes?
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GAS-Group A Strep.
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What disease does S. pyogenes cause?
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Strep throat.
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S. agalactiae: alpha or beta hemolytic?
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Beta hemolytic.
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What is another name for S. agalactiae?
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GBS-Group B Strep.
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What diseases are known to be caused by S. agalactiae?
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Neonatal sepsis, meningitis.
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S. pneumoniae: alpha or beta hemolytic?
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Alpha hemolytic.
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What is another name for S. pneumoniae?
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Pneumococcus.
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What diseases are known to be caused by S. pneumoniae?
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Pneumonia, meningitis.
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S. sanguis/salivarius/mutans: alpha or beta hemolytic?
What is a collective name for this group? |
Alpha hemolytic.
Viridans group. |
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Where do we often see enterococci infections?
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Urinary tract, Endodontic infections.
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What is the value of recognizing hemolysis?
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Diagnosing factor.
Alpha: Narrow zone of partial hemolysis (mostly opaque) Beta: Wide, clear (translucent) zone of complete hemolysis around the colony. |
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What are 3 things that streptococci use for attachment to a surface?
Why so many? |
Adhesins exist on very end, only these end proteins bind:
1. Protein F 2. M protein 3. Pilli Functional Redundancy: Attachment to the host is so important that it has multiple ways of accomplishing it. |
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What makes a gram positive bacterium stain purple?
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Its thick peptidoglycan cell wall.
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What are 4 unique things about S. mutans?
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1. Produces acid
2. Acid tolerant 3. Converts sucrose to glucans via GTF (glycosyl-transferase). Glucans coat the surfaces of teeth. 4. Then makes glucan binding proteins that can bind to the glucans |
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What does S.mutans use to convert sucrose to glucan?
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Glucosyltransferase (GTF)
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