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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Normal lab values:
WBC |
4.5 - 11
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Normal lab values:
Hgb |
14 - 18
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Normal lab values:
Hct |
40 - 54
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Normal lab values:
Platelets |
150 - 350
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Normal lab values:
Na+ |
135 - 145
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Normal lab values:
K+ |
3.5 - 5
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Normal lab values:
Cl- |
96 - 106
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Normal lab values:
CO2 |
22 - 29
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Normal lab values:
BUN |
11 - 23
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Normal lab values:
Creatinine |
0.7 - 1.5
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BUN/Creatinine ratio
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B/C: > 20 = prerenal
10-15 = renal < 10 = post renal |
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Normal lab values:
Glucose |
70-115
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Normal lab values:
Ca2+ |
9 - 11
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Normal lab values:
Iron |
75 - 175
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Normal lab values:
TIBC |
260 - 470
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Normal lab values:
Ferritin |
Ferritin: 27-270
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Normal lab values:
HbA1c |
HbA1C: 4-6% (DM < 7)
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Normal lab values:
Alk phos |
Alk phos: 40-120
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Normal lab values:
ALT |
ALT: (AKA SGPT)
10-40 |
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Normal lab values:
AST |
AST: (AKA SGOT)
10-59 |
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Normal lab values:
CKMB |
CKMB: < 10
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Normal lab values:
Troponin I |
Troponin I: < 0.4
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Normal lab values:
INR |
INR: 0.9-1.3 (normal)
2-3 (on Warfarin) 2.5-3.5 (♥ valve) |
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Normal lab values:
PT |
PT: 9-12.5 sec
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Normal lab values:
PTT |
PTT: 20-35
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Normal lab values:
ESR |
ESR: ♂ < 20, ♀ < 30
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Normal lab values:
TSH |
TSH: 0.5-5
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Normal lab values:
Free T4 |
Free T4: 0.8-1.8
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Causes of ↑ WBCs
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Stress/pain, Infection, inflammation, anoxia, drugs
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Causes of ↑ neutrophils
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Acute bacterial infection, acute inflammation, DK, uremia, thyroid storm, Hemorrhage, hemolytic anemia, tissue necrosis, steroids
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Causes of ↑ lymphocytes
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Viral infections, chronic inflammation
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Causes of ↑ Monocytes
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Viral or bacterial infections
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Causes of ↑ Eosinophils
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Type I hypersensitivity, parasites
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Causes of ↑ platelets
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Infection, myeloproliferative disorders
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Causes of ↓ platelets
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Marrow depression, Mono
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Causes of hypercalcemia
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CHIMPANZEES:
Calcium ingestion (massive) Hyperparathyoidism Iatrogenic (thiazides) Multiple myeloma Paget's Addison's Neoplasm Zollinger - Ellison Excess vitamin A, &/or D Sarcoidosis |
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Causes of hypocalcemia
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Hypoalbuminemia
S/P thyroidectomy Acute pancreatitis ARF ↓ Mg2+ |
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Adjusted calcium equation
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Ca2+ – albumin + 4
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Causes of ↑ serum chloride
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Respiratory alkalosis
Pyelonephritis Severe dehydration DI |
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Causes of ↓ serum chloride
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Metabolic alkalosis
loop diuretics Gastric outlet obstruction (pyloric stenosis or NG tube suction) |
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Causes of hyperglycemia
|
DM
Acute pancreatitis Cushing’s Anabolic steroids |
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DM Dx criteria
|
Random serum glucose >200
Fasting glucose > 126 + glucose tolerance test |
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Causes of hyperkalemia
|
Renal failure
IV therapy Thrombocytosis/leukocytosis |
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Causes of hypokalemia
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Vomiting/diarrhea
Diuretics |
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Causes of hypernatremia
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Excess sodium or bicarb
Hypertonic IV Water deficit; DM, excessive sweating or diarrhea |
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Causes of hyponatremia
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Euvolemic: SIADH, psychogenic polydipsia, Oxytocin use
Hypervolemic: Heart failure, renal failure, nephrotix, cirrhosis, toxemia Hypovolemic: dehydration, diuretics, DM, Addison's |
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Causes of ↓ serum albumin
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Liver Dz
Malabsorption Malnutrition |
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Causes of ↑ alk phos
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Cholestasis, obstructive & Hepatocellular problems, CHF, malignancy, hyperthyroidism, late MI, pregnancy
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Meds that ↑ liver NZs
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Antibiotics, antiepileptics, statins, NSAIDS, sulfonylureas, booze, herbs
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Causes of
↑ aminotransferases |
Booze, meds, chronic Hep B/C, strenuous exercise, Mono, acute pancreatitis
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Causes of ↑ total Bilirubin
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Liver disease
Congenital hyperbilirubinemia, Hemolytic anemia Malnutrition |
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Causes of ↑ total proteins
|
Chronic infection
Dehydration Hemolysis |
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RPF
|
RPF = PAH clearance
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RBF
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RBF = RPF/ (1 – Hematocrit)
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FF
|
FF = GFR/RPF = creatinine clearance/PAH clearance
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Respiratory acidosis
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Respiratory acidosis:
pH < 7.4, PCO2 > 40mmHg Hypoventilation Airway obstruction or acute lung disease |
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Metabolic acidosis
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Metabolic acidosis:
pH < 7.4, PCO2 < 40mmHg Anion gap = Na – (Cl + HCO3-) Normal anion gap (8 – 12): RTA, diarrhea, glue sniffing High anion gap: MUDPILES |
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Respiratory alkalosis
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Respiratory alkalosis:
pH > 7.4, PCO2 < 40mmHg Hyperventilation |
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Metabolic alkalosis
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Metabolic alkalosis:
pH > 7.4, PCO2 > 40mmHg Vomiting, diuretics |
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Acute renal failure
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Acute renal failure:
Abrupt decline in GFR (elevated serum creatinine) First sign: dilute piss Elevated BUN & Creatinine, but BUN/Creatinine ratio is normal |
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Azotemia
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Azotemia:
Elevated BUN w/out symptoms |
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Anuria
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Anuria:
Urine output < 50 ml/day |
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Oliguria
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Oliguria:
Urine output < 400 ml/day Poor prognostic sign in ARF |
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Prerenal renal failure Tx
|
Fluids!
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Tx of hyperkalemia
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Tx of hyperkalemia: C BIG K
Calcium, bicarb/beta blocker, insulin, glucose, kayexalate |
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RBC casts
|
Nephritix
Ischemia Malignant hypertension |
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WBC casts
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Acute Pyelonephritis
Acute interstitial nephritis |
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Waxy casts
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Advanced renal Dz
chronic renal failure |
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Lipid casts
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Nephrotix
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Granular or muddy - brown casts
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ATN (Acute tubular necrosis)
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Nephritics
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Post-strep GN
Crescentic GN Lupus Berger’s Alport’s Associated w/infection Hematuria, HTN, moderate proteinuria (< 3.5 g/day) |
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Nephrotics
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Membranous (Spike & dome) Minimal ∆
Focal segmental kimmelstiel-Wilson (DM) No HTN or hematuria Lipid casts Severe edema Heavy proteinuria (>3.5) |
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Goodpasture's
|
Goodpasture: (Crescentic)
Anti-GBM disease P-ANCA Linear immunofluorescence Type II hypersensitivity rxn |
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Post-strep GN
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Post-strep GN:
10-14 days after Strep throat |
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Berger's
|
Berger's: (IgA nephropathy)
Within days of a URI May be associated w/Henoch-Schonlein purpura |