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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What media is used to plate H. influenza?
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Chocolate agar with factors V and X
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What media is used to plate N. gonorrhea?
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Thayer-Martin (or VPN) media
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What media is used to plate B. pertussis?
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Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar
*Bordet for bordetella* |
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What media is used to plate C. diphtheriae?
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Tellurite plate, Loffler's media
*Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- Courtney -- Telluride -- Tellurite* |
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What media is used to plate M. tuberculosis?
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Lowenstein-Jensen agar
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What media is used to plate M. pneumoniae?
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Eaton's agar
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What media is used to plate Lactose-fermenting enterics?
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Pink colonies on MacConkey's Agar
E. coli is grown on eosin-methylene blue (EBM agar) - as blue-black colonies with metallic sheen |
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What media is used to plate Legionella?
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Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
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What media is used to grow/plate fungi?
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sabouraud's agar
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Where does reactivation of TB have a predilection for?
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the apices of the lung which have the highest PO2.
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What antibiotics are ineffective against anaerobes? Why?
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AminOglycosides - because they require oxygen to enter into bacterial cell
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On the office's Staph retreat, there was NO StRES....what does this mean?
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Staphylococci Identification:
NOvobiocin - Saprophyticus is Resistant; Epidermidis is Sensitive |
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What does OVRPS mean?
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Streptococci Identification:
Optochin - Viridans is Resistant; Pneumoniae is Sensitive |
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What does B-BRAS mean?
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Streptococci Identification:
Bacitracin - group B strep are Resistent; group A strep are Sensitive |
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Strep pneumo is the most common cause of what?
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MOPS
M: meningitis O: otitis media (in children) P: pneumonia S: sinusitis Also....S. pneumoniae MOPS are Most OPtochin Sensitive |
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What are the ABCDEFG's of Diphtheria?
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ADP ribosylation
Beta-prophage (encodes for exotoxin) Corynebacterium Diphtheria Elongation Factor 2 Granules |
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Which bacteria form spores?
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Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium perfringens Clostridium tetani Bacillus cereus Clostridium botulinum |
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What is special about anthrax?
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it is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule (contains D-glutamate)
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Which neurotransmitters are involved in tetanus?
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tetanus blocks glycine and GABA (which are inhibitory NT's) from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
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Which neurotransmitter is involved in Botulism?
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C. botulinum inhibits ACh release at the NMJ, causing botulism.
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What is Woolsorter's diseae?
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inhalation of anthrax spores from contaminated wool
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What kind of skin lesions are seen in anthrax?
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black skin lesions - black eschar surrounded by edematous ring
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What is the characteristic motion of Listeria monocytogenes?
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tumbling motility
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What does SNAP refer to?
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Sulfa for Nocardia
Actinomyces use Penicillin |
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What is actinomyces israelii?
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gram (+) anaerobe rod forming long branching filaments resembling fungi.
Causes oral/facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts in skin. Normal oral flora |
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What is Nocardia asteroides?
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Gram (+) and also weakly acid fast aerobe rod found in soil. Causes pulmonary infection in immunocompromised pts.
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What is the Ghon Complex?
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TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilar lymph node involvement).
Reflects primary infection or exposure |
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Where are the fibrocaseous cavitary lesions of secondary TB usually located?
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upper lobes of the lung
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What is Pott's Disease?
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involvement of the spine with TB
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What is Hansen's Disease?
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leprosy
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What is the reservoir for leprosy in the US?
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armadillos
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What is the tx for leprosy?
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long-term oral dapsone
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What are the 2 forms of leprosy?
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lepromatous (pts with weak T-cell mediated immunity) and tuberculoid (pts with intact T-cell response)
LEpromatous can be LEthal |
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Which bacteria are lactose-fermenting?
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Citrobactter
Klebsiella E. coli Enterobacter Serratia test with MacConKEE'S agar |
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Does penicillin G work on gram (-) bacteria?
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No! derivatives might work but the gram (-) outer membrane layer inhibits entry of Pen G and Vanco
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What is the mnemonic for Neisseria species?
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MeninGococci ferment Maltose and Glucose.
Gonococci ferment Glucose |
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What does H. influenzae cause?
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haEMOPphilus causes
Epiglottitis Meningits Otitis media Pneumonia |
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What does H. influenzae need to grow?
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Chocolate agar with Factors V and X
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How do you grow Legionella?
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on charcoal yeast with iron and cysteine
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What does pseudomonas cause?
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PSEUDOmonas:
Pneumonia Sepsis External otitis UTI Drug Use and Diabetic Osteomyelitis (hot tub folliculitis) |
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What virulence factors does E. coli have?
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fimbriae - cystitis and pyelo
K capsule - pneumonia, neonatal meningitis LPS endotoxin - septic shock |
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What is the triad of HUS in E. coli?
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anemia
thrombocytopenia acute renal failure |
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What distinguishes EHEC E. coli from the others?
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EHEC does not ferment sorbitol
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What are the 4 A's of Klebsiella?
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Aspiration pneumonia
Abscess in lungs Alcoholics diAbetics |
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What is a sign/sx of Klebsiella?
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red currant jelly sputum
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What is a common antecedent to Guillain-Barre syndrome?
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Campylobacter jejuni
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What can Yersinia enterocolitica cause?
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mesenteric adenitis that can mimic Crohn's or appendicitis
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Which bacteria are spirochetes?
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Borrelia
Leptospira Treponema (BLT. B is big) |
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What is Weil's disease?
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icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis
severe form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfunction; fever, hemorrhage, and anemia |
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What are the sx of Lyme Disease?
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BAKE a key lyme pie:
Bell's palsy (B/L) Arthritis Kardiac block Erythema migrans |
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What are the manifestations of congenital syphilis?
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saber shins
saddle nose CN VIII deafness Hutchinson's teeth mulberry molars |
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What does the VDRL test, test for? What can cause false positives?
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A flocculation test for Syphilis detecting the antibody that reacts with beef cardiolipin.
False positives: Viruses (mono, hepatitis) Drugs Rheumatic fever Lupus and Leprosy |
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What is microscopically characteristic of vaginosis?
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clue cells
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What is the Weil-Felix reaction?
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patients with rickettsial infection have antibodies against rickettsia. When pt serum is mixed with Proteus antigens, antirickettsial abs cross-react to Proteus O antigens and agglutinate
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What do the serotypes ABC of chlamydia cause?
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ABC = Africa/Blindness/Chronic infection
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What serotypes of chlamydia cuase lymphogranuloma venereum?
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L1-3
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What do serotypes D-K of chlamydia cause?
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Everything else: urethritis, PID, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia, or neonatal conjunctivitis
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Where does HSV-1 remain latent?
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trigeminal ganglia
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Where does HSV-2 remain latent?
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sacral ganglia
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Where does VZV remain latent?
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trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
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Where does EBV remain latent?
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B cells
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Where does CMV remain latent?
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mononuclear cells
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What does HHV-6 cause?
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roseola: high fevers for several days that can cause seizures, followed by a diffuse macular rash
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What does HHV-8 cause?
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Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV patients)
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