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64 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
What media is used to plate H. influenza?
Chocolate agar with factors V and X
What media is used to plate N. gonorrhea?
Thayer-Martin (or VPN) media
What media is used to plate B. pertussis?
Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar

*Bordet for bordetella*
What media is used to plate C. diphtheriae?
Tellurite plate, Loffler's media

*Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- Courtney -- Telluride -- Tellurite*
What media is used to plate M. tuberculosis?
Lowenstein-Jensen agar
What media is used to plate M. pneumoniae?
Eaton's agar
What media is used to plate Lactose-fermenting enterics?
Pink colonies on MacConkey's Agar
E. coli is grown on eosin-methylene blue (EBM agar) - as blue-black colonies with metallic sheen
What media is used to plate Legionella?
Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
What media is used to grow/plate fungi?
sabouraud's agar
Where does reactivation of TB have a predilection for?
the apices of the lung which have the highest PO2.
What antibiotics are ineffective against anaerobes? Why?
AminOglycosides - because they require oxygen to enter into bacterial cell
On the office's Staph retreat, there was NO StRES....what does this mean?
Staphylococci Identification:
NOvobiocin - Saprophyticus is Resistant; Epidermidis is Sensitive
What does OVRPS mean?
Streptococci Identification:
Optochin - Viridans is Resistant; Pneumoniae is Sensitive
What does B-BRAS mean?
Streptococci Identification:
Bacitracin - group B strep are Resistent; group A strep are Sensitive
Strep pneumo is the most common cause of what?
MOPS
M: meningitis
O: otitis media (in children)
P: pneumonia
S: sinusitis

Also....S. pneumoniae MOPS are Most OPtochin Sensitive
What are the ABCDEFG's of Diphtheria?
ADP ribosylation
Beta-prophage (encodes for exotoxin)
Corynebacterium
Diphtheria
Elongation Factor 2
Granules
Which bacteria form spores?
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium tetani
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium botulinum
What is special about anthrax?
it is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule (contains D-glutamate)
Which neurotransmitters are involved in tetanus?
tetanus blocks glycine and GABA (which are inhibitory NT's) from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Which neurotransmitter is involved in Botulism?
C. botulinum inhibits ACh release at the NMJ, causing botulism.
What is Woolsorter's diseae?
inhalation of anthrax spores from contaminated wool
What kind of skin lesions are seen in anthrax?
black skin lesions - black eschar surrounded by edematous ring
What is the characteristic motion of Listeria monocytogenes?
tumbling motility
What does SNAP refer to?
Sulfa for Nocardia
Actinomyces use Penicillin
What is actinomyces israelii?
gram (+) anaerobe rod forming long branching filaments resembling fungi.
Causes oral/facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts in skin. Normal oral flora
What is Nocardia asteroides?
Gram (+) and also weakly acid fast aerobe rod found in soil. Causes pulmonary infection in immunocompromised pts.
What is the Ghon Complex?
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilar lymph node involvement).
Reflects primary infection or exposure
Where are the fibrocaseous cavitary lesions of secondary TB usually located?
upper lobes of the lung
What is Pott's Disease?
involvement of the spine with TB
What is Hansen's Disease?
leprosy
What is the reservoir for leprosy in the US?
armadillos
What is the tx for leprosy?
long-term oral dapsone
What are the 2 forms of leprosy?
lepromatous (pts with weak T-cell mediated immunity) and tuberculoid (pts with intact T-cell response)
LEpromatous can be LEthal
Which bacteria are lactose-fermenting?
Citrobactter
Klebsiella
E. coli
Enterobacter
Serratia

test with MacConKEE'S agar
Does penicillin G work on gram (-) bacteria?
No! derivatives might work but the gram (-) outer membrane layer inhibits entry of Pen G and Vanco
What is the mnemonic for Neisseria species?
MeninGococci ferment Maltose and Glucose.
Gonococci ferment Glucose
What does H. influenzae cause?
haEMOPphilus causes
Epiglottitis
Meningits
Otitis media
Pneumonia
What does H. influenzae need to grow?
Chocolate agar with Factors V and X
How do you grow Legionella?
on charcoal yeast with iron and cysteine
What does pseudomonas cause?
PSEUDOmonas:
Pneumonia
Sepsis
External otitis
UTI
Drug Use and Diabetic Osteomyelitis
(hot tub folliculitis)
What virulence factors does E. coli have?
fimbriae - cystitis and pyelo
K capsule - pneumonia, neonatal meningitis
LPS endotoxin - septic shock
What is the triad of HUS in E. coli?
anemia
thrombocytopenia
acute renal failure
What distinguishes EHEC E. coli from the others?
EHEC does not ferment sorbitol
What are the 4 A's of Klebsiella?
Aspiration pneumonia
Abscess in lungs
Alcoholics
diAbetics
What is a sign/sx of Klebsiella?
red currant jelly sputum
What is a common antecedent to Guillain-Barre syndrome?
Campylobacter jejuni
What can Yersinia enterocolitica cause?
mesenteric adenitis that can mimic Crohn's or appendicitis
Which bacteria are spirochetes?
Borrelia
Leptospira
Treponema
(BLT. B is big)
What is Weil's disease?
icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis
severe form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfunction; fever, hemorrhage, and anemia
What are the sx of Lyme Disease?
BAKE a key lyme pie:
Bell's palsy (B/L)
Arthritis
Kardiac block
Erythema migrans
What are the manifestations of congenital syphilis?
saber shins
saddle nose
CN VIII deafness
Hutchinson's teeth
mulberry molars
What does the VDRL test, test for? What can cause false positives?
A flocculation test for Syphilis detecting the antibody that reacts with beef cardiolipin.
False positives:
Viruses (mono, hepatitis)
Drugs
Rheumatic fever
Lupus and Leprosy
What is microscopically characteristic of vaginosis?
clue cells
What is the Weil-Felix reaction?
patients with rickettsial infection have antibodies against rickettsia. When pt serum is mixed with Proteus antigens, antirickettsial abs cross-react to Proteus O antigens and agglutinate
What do the serotypes ABC of chlamydia cause?
ABC = Africa/Blindness/Chronic infection
What serotypes of chlamydia cuase lymphogranuloma venereum?
L1-3
What do serotypes D-K of chlamydia cause?
Everything else: urethritis, PID, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia, or neonatal conjunctivitis
Where does HSV-1 remain latent?
trigeminal ganglia
Where does HSV-2 remain latent?
sacral ganglia
Where does VZV remain latent?
trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Where does EBV remain latent?
B cells
Where does CMV remain latent?
mononuclear cells
What does HHV-6 cause?
roseola: high fevers for several days that can cause seizures, followed by a diffuse macular rash
What does HHV-8 cause?
Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV patients)