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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what do ureters pass under?
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uterine arty and ductus deferens
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what creates the negative charge barier in basement membrane
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heparan sulfate
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typical osmotic pressure in bowman's space
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0
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relationship between RBF and hematocrite
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RBF = RPF/(1-Hct)
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relationship between ERPF and RPF
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ERPF underestimates RPF by 10%
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effect of NE on afferet/efferent
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constricts afferent and efferent
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effect of prostaglandins on afferent/efferent
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dilates afferent
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effect of sympathetics on afferent/efferent
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constricts both
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effect of ADH on afferentefferent
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constricts Efferent (100x more than NE)
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effect of AII on Afferent/Efferent
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constricts Efferent
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effect of AN on Afferent/efferent
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dilates afferent
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effect of NSAIDS on afferent/efferent
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Constricts afferent
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effect on RPF, GFR and FF of dilating afferent
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increase RPF
Increase GFR FF stays the same |
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effect on RPF, GFR and FF of constricting efferent
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decrease RPF
increase GFR increase FF |
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effects of ACEi on afferent/efferent
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dilates afferent because of inhibition of AII
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what happens to RFP, GFR, FF when plasma protein increases
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RFP unchanged
GFR down FFdown |
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effect on RPF, GFR and FF of constriction of ureter
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RPF unchanged
GFR down FF down |
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with ADH present, what is the free water clearance
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<0
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what is free water clearance in isotonic urine
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0
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by what point in nephron is glucose fully reabsorbed
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proximal tubule
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what is threshold for glucosuria
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200 mb
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where does active transport for amino acids happen
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proximal tubulew
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where in the nephron does PTH work
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distal convuluted tubule, where it controls reabsorption ofCa++
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where is NaH exchange in the kidney
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proximal tubule
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where is NaCl cotransport in the kidney
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distal convoluted tubule
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is NaK ATPase lumenal or basolateral
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on blood side
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where is there Na-Ca++ exchange in the kdney
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on blood side in distal convoluted tubule so that Ca can be reabsorbed (which is under control of PTH)
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Where is NKCC pump
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lumenal in Thick ascending limb
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where do Mg and Ca get reabsorbed
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via sneaking around cells of teh TAL
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where is urine made hypertonic
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thin descending loop
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what is threshold for glucosuria
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200 mb
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where does active transport for amino acids happen
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proximal tubulew
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where in the nephron does PTH work
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distal convuluted tubule, where it controls reabsorption ofCa++
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where is NaH exchange in the kidney
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proximal tubule
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where is NaCl cotransport in the kidney
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distal convoluted tubule
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is NaK ATPase lumenal or basolateral
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on blood side
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where is there Na-Ca++ exchange in the kdney
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on blood side in distal convoluted tubule so that Ca can be reabsorbed (which is under control of PTH)
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Where is NKCC pump
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lumenal in Thick ascending limb
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where do Mg and Ca get reabsorbed
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via sneaking around cells of teh TAL
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where is urine made hypertonic
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thin descending loop
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where is urine made hypotonic (i.e., which is the diluting segment)
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early distal convoluted tubule
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what do intercalated cells have
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KH ATPase , lumenally (only place)
bicarb-CL exchange, on blood side (only place) |
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which part of kidney is impermeable to water
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thick ascending loop
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which is the diluting segment
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TAL and early DCT
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what receptor does ADH work on in collecting tubule
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V2
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what cells are aquaporins in
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principal cells of collecting tubules
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where does renin act on angiotensinogen
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liver
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where does ACE work on angiotensin I
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in lung capillaries
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what provides a check on the RAS
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ANP
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what secretes renin
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juxtablomerular apparatus
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what stimulates renin release
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decreased renal arterial pressureincreased sympathetic discharge (via Beta-1 receptors
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how can NSAIDS cause acute renal failure
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by inhibiting the prostaglandins that would otherwise keep the afferent areterioles vasodilated, which the kidney is in a high vasoconstrictive state
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decreased pH decreased PCO2, decreased bicarb
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metabolic acidosis
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pH up
PCO2 up bicarb up |
metabolic alkalosis
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pH down
PCO2 up bicarb up |
respiratory acidosis
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pH up
PCO2 down bicarb down |
respiratory alkalosis
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causes of respiratory alkalosis
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hyperventilation
aspirin ingestion |
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caues of respiratory acidosis
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ahypoventilation due to:
- airway obstruction - acute lung disease - chronic lung disease - opioids, narcotics, sedatives - weakened respiratory muscles |
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Type 1 renal tubular acidosis
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defect in H+ pump and failure to acidify urine
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Type 2 renal tubular acidosis
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renal loss of biarb
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type 4 renal tubular acidosis
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hypoaldosteronism, leading to hypokalemia, leading to inhibition of ammonia excretion
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where is ammonia secreted
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early proximal tubule (I think in exchange for Chlorine)
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bilateral renal agenesis
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Potters syndrome
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Nephritic or Nephrotic: Acute poststerptotococcal glomerulonephritis
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nephritic
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Nephritic or Nephrotic: Membranoproliferative
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nephritic
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Nephritic or Nephrotic: RPGN
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Nephritic
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Nephritic or Nephrotic: Goodpastures
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Nephritic
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Nephritic or Nephrotic: IgA Nephropathy
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Nephritic
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Nephritic or Nephrotic: Membranous Glomerulonephritis
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nephrotic
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Nephritic or Nephrotic: FSGS
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nephrotic
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Nephritic or Nephrotic: Diabetic nephropathy
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nephrotic
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Nephritic or Nephrotic: amyloidosis
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nephrotic
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mesangial deposits
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IgA nephropathy
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large irregular subepithelial deposits or humps
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acute glomerulonephritis
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which kind of kidney stones are worsened by alkaluria? improved?
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Struvites are made worse,
Cystine are made better |
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acute generalitzed infarction of cortices of both kidneys
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diffuse cortical necrosis
due to combination of vasospasm adn DIC associated with obstetric catastrophes and septic shodk |
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typical cause of prerenal azotemia
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hypotension
(and so high urine osmolality because water conserved) |
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part of nephron that gets Fanconi's syndrome
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proximal tubule transport
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cortical and medullary cysts
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long standing dialysis
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