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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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skin layer that kypokeratosis affects
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corneum
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layer of skin that acanthosis nigricans affects
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stratum spinosum
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claudins and occludins
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zone occludins
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e cadherina nd actin
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zona adherens
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keratin
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macula adherens
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connexon
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gap junction
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desmoplakin
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macula adherens
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integrin
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hemidesmosom
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injury by clipping from the lateral side in football
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unhappy triad:
mCL medial meniscus ACL |
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rotator cuff muscles
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SItS
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus teres minor Subscapularis |
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upper trunk injury
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waiter's tip - Erb's palsy
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lower trunk injury
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claw hand (klumpke's palsy)
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posterior cord injury
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wrist drop
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ulnar nerve lesion at plexus
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claw hand
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muscle that protects brachial plexus from clavicle fracture
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subclavius
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compression of subclavian artery and inferior trunkof rachial plexus
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thoracic outlet syndrome
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resul of thoracic outlet syndrome
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atrophy of thenar an dhypothenar eminances
atrophy of interosseous muscles sensory deficits on medial side of forearm and hand disappearance of radial pulse on moving head toward opposite side |
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disappearance of radial pulse upon moving head toward opposite side
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thoracic outlet syndrome, affecting C8 T1
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result of shoulder dislocation
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can't abduct arm mroe than 90 degrees
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midshaft humerus fracture
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wrist drop
can't flex elbow |
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supracondylar humerus fracture
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median nerve damage
can't flex fingers or abduct/oppose thumb |
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fracture at medial epicondyle of humerus
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ulnar nerve damage
claw hand (can't adduct thumb; can't abduct or adduct fingers) |
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nerve injured in midshaft humerus fracture
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radial
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radial nerve innervates
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BEST
brachioradialis extensors of wrist and fingers Supinator triceps |
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what do dorsal interosseous muscles do
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abduct fingers (DAB)
Palmars ADduct (PAD) |
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anterior hip dislocation affects what nerve? causes
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obturator
can't adduct thigh can't feel medial thign |
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pelvic fracture injures what nerve and causes what?
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femoral
can't flex thigh or extend leg sensory deficit in anterior thigh and medial leg |
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trauma to lateral aspect of leg or fibula neck fracture injures?
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common peroneal nerve
can't evert or dorsiflex foot; can't extend toes sensory deficit in anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot |
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knee trauma causes?
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injury to tibial nerve
can't invert or plantarflex foot can't flex toes sensory deficit on sole of foot |
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posterior hip dislocation or polio causes?
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superior gluteal nerve damage
can't abduct thigh positive Trendelenburg |
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action of obturator
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thigh adduction
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action of femoral nerve
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thigh flexion
leg extension |
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action of common peroneal nerve
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foot eversion
foot dorsiflexion toe extension |
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action of tibial nerve
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foot inversion
plantarflexion felion of toes |
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superior gluteal nerve
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thigh abduction
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inferior gluteal nerve action
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jump
climb stiars rise from seated position |
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which bands shorten on contraction
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H and I
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how does powerstroke happen
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myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
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which is for longitudinal bone growth, endochondral or membranous ossification?
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endochondral ossification
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achondroplasia is a failure of what kind of growth
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longitudinal due to impaired fibroblast growth factor receptor mutation
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sparse trabeculae
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osteoporosis
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genetic deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II
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osteopetrosis
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osteoclast malfunction
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osteopetrosis
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brown tumors
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osteitis fibrosa cystica
these are cystic spaces lined by osteoclasts, filled with fibrous stroma and sometimes blood |
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increase in both osteoblasti and osteoclastic activity
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Pagets
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bone disease
increased alkaline phosphatase |
osteitis fibrosa cystica
Pagets |
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cause of osteotis fibrosa cystica
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hyper PTH
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new piece of bone grows on another, often in skull
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osteoma
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man under 25
trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts |
osteoid osteoma
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trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts
in vertebral column |
osteoblastoma
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soap bubble on xray at end of long bones
20-40 year old spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells |
giant cell tumor
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expansile glistening mass inside medullary cavity of bone
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chondrosarcoma
malignant cartilagenous tumor |
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sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum on xray
boy 10-20 |
Codman's triangle
osteosarcoma poor prognosis |
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blue cell malignant tumor
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Ewing's sarcoma
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onion skin appearance in long bones
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Ewing's sarcoma
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anti-IgG antiboyd
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positive rheumatoid factor
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HLA DR4
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rheumatoid arthritis
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needle shaped crystals
negatively birefringent |
gout
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basophilic rhomboid crystals
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pseudogout
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positively biregringent
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pseudogout
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crystals yellow when parallel to light
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gout
(vs yellow when perpendicular - pseudogout) |
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monoarticular, migratory arthritis with an asymmetrical pattern
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gonococcal arthritis
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stiff spine
uveitis aortic regurgitation |
ankylosing spondylitis
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bamboo spine
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anklyosing spondylitis
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arthreitis post GI or chlamydia infections
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Reiters
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sausage fingers
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psoriatic arthritis
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pencil and cup deformity on xray
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psoriatic arthritis
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anti Smith antibodies
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lupus (specific but not prognostic)
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noncaseating granulomas
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Sarcoidosis
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elevated serum ACE levels
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Sarcoidosis
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bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
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Sarcoidosis
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Gammaglobulinemia
Rheumatoid arthritis ACE increase Interstitial fibrosis Noncaseating granulomas |
Sarcoidosis
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pain and stiffness in shoulders and hips
no muscular weakness associated with temporal arterisits increased ESr |
polymyalgia rheumatica
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heliotrope rash
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dermatomyositis
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progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness
inflammation in muscles increased CK increased aldolase anti-Jo-1 |
polyomyositis/Dermatomyositis
(but dermato also has the shawl and face rash |
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mechanism of Myasthenia gravis
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autoantibodies to postsynaptic AChR
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autoantibodies to presynaptic Ca++ channels
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Lambert-Eaton
and this leads to decreased ACh release leading to proximal muscle weakness associated with SCLC |
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bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
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Auspitz sign in Psoriasis
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normal melanocyte number with decreased melanin production
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albinism
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layer of skin involved in Scalded Sin SYndrome
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stratum granulosum
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virus that mediates white, painless plaques on the tongue that can't be scraped off
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EBV (in HIV patients)
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IgG against hemidesmosomes
linear immunofluorescence |
Bullous pemphigoid
(antibodies "bullow" the epidermis) |
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IgG against desmosomes
immunofluorescence throught |
Pemphigus vulgaris
(vs hemi for bullous) |
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Pruritic, Purple, Polygonal Papules
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lichen Planus
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hyperplasia of stratum spinosum
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acanthosis nigricans
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acanthosis nigricans associated with
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Malignancy
Hyperlipidemia |
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palisading nuclei
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basal cell carcinoma
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S-100 tumor marker
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melanoma
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rolled edges with central ulceration
pearly papules |
basal cell carcioma
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leukotriene for neutrophil chemotaxis
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LTB4 - neutrophils arrive B4 others
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Prostoglandin that inhibits platelt aggregation
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PGI2
Plately-Garhering Inhibitor |
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Rx that inhibits lipoxygenase
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zileuton
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drug that inhibits leukorienes
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safirlukast
montelukast |
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differences among prostacyclin, prostaglandins, thromboxan
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PGI (prostacyclin) decreases everything (cycle down a hill)
PGE/F (prostaglandins) decrease vascular/bronchial tone but increase uterine tone TXAincreases everything ("taxies always go up") |
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ketorolac is what type of drug?
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NSAID
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result of acetaminophen overdose
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hepatic necrosis because of depletgin glutathion
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rx that binds TNF
rx that is an antibody to TNF |
etanercept
infliximab both used for anyklosing spondylitis and RA. etanercept also sused for psoriasis; infliximab for Crohn's |
