Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How deep do superficial heaters heat
|
</= 1 cm
|
|
|
How deep do deep heaters heat
|
up to 5 cm
|
|
|
What are the vascular responses to heat
|
Superficial heat causes vasodilation due to axon. However skeletal blood low is primarily controlled metabolically so it is affected by exercise
|
|
|
What temp do you need for a vascular response
|
104 to 113 degrees
|
|
|
What are neurologic effects of heat?
|
elvates pain thresold,
alters sensory nerve conduction velocities changes muscle spindle iring rates - dcreases type II afferents, increase tyep Ib fibers from GTO |
|
|
What is T.E.R.T.
|
Total End RAnge TIME,
the longer you hld the joint at the end range the better deformation of tissue you get. |
|
|
Name some superficial heaters
|
moist heat packs, paraffine wax, fluidotherapy, infrared, whirlpool
|
|
|
How long can you have maximal heat
|
6-8 minutes
|
|
|
Contraindication for heat
|
active bleeding, hemophilia, acute injur (48-72 hrs), active fever, patients w/poor tolerant to heat (MS patients)
|
|
|
THings that would cause you to be cautious with heat
|
sensory changes, poor circulation, malignancies, established edema, poor skin turgor
|
|
|
How many layers of towels for a moist heat pack, how long
|
6-10 layers, time 12-20 minuts
|
|
|
Good areas for moist heat packs
|
gastroc, plantar aspect of foot, anterior compartment
|
|
|
advantages/disadvantage sof moist heat pack
|
adv-cheap, easy, easy to apply, does not need constant attention
dis-can't exercise, doesn't contour well |
|
|
What areas would you use paraffin wax on
|
digits
|
|
|
Does 50% duty cycle for ultrasound give thermal effect
|
no
|
|
|
What are the thermal effects of ultrasound
|
increasd tissue extensibility, reduciton of muslce spasm.decreased pain, increased blood flow
|
|
|
Non-thermal effects of ultrasound
|
massaging effect, separation of collagen fibers, increase membrane permeability allowing for ncreased ionic exchange and protein synthesis.
|
|
|
What tissue absorb ultrasound the most?
|
most - bone > Nerve > Muscle > fat - least
|
|
|
Can you do ultrasound around implants?
|
Yes, but be very careful. It won't heat the implant, but it will heat the interface.
|
|
|
What could you use ultrasound on?
|
tendonitis, muscle spasm, bursitis, scar tissue, bone healing, edema, calcium deposits, wound healing
|
|
|
How long per site for ultrasound
|
5-10 minutes
|
|
|
Physiologic response to cold
|
decreased skin temp, (< 1 min); decreased subcutaneous temp, decreased muslce temp (30 min to decrease muscle temp 4.3 cm deep 3.5 degrees)
|
|
|
What is the Hunting Response?
|
When you apply cold theoretically the blood vessels will constrict, but also periodically dilate briefly to prevent tissue from dying
|
|
|
What are the neuro effects of cold
|
Cold decreases nerve conduction velocities, also be careful of causing neuropraxia
|
|
|
What are the subjetive phases of ice therapy
|
1st coldness
2nd burning/pain 3rd aching/pain 4th numbness |
|
|
How does cold application reduce muscle spasm/spacticity?
|
by a dicrect actvity on the muscle spindle producing reduced muscle spindle excitability.
|
|
|
What is the Hoffman respns
|
An nitial but temporray increase in reflex muscle tone following cold application, possibly secondary to increased alpha motor neuron activity through stimulation of skin sensory receptors. This however temporray and there is an ultimate decrease in musle tone from colling of hte tissues
|
|
|
How does tissue cooling reduce pain
|
direc effect on sensory nerve endings and pain carryign fibers
reduces muscle spasm limts bleeding and edema limits inflammation possible effect on spinal gating mechanism and enhancing endorphin production???? |
|
|
Which has deeper tissue penetration superficially applied cold or superficially applied heat
|
superficially applied cold
|
|
|
What is the advantage of conversive heat over conductive and convective heat?
|
greater tissue penetration
|
|
|
What temperature is paraffin ina paraffin bath heated to
|
122-138 degrees
|
|
|
What temperature is a hot pack heated to?
|
140-170 degrees
|
|
|
How wide an area should you use ultrasound on at time?
|
3 times the width of the sound head
|
|
|
What locations should ultrasound not be used on
|
over spinal cord -- over open epiphysea plates -- hemorrhageic conditions -- malignancies or tumors -- pacemakers -- pregnant uterus -- areas of vascular insufficiency -- numb areas -- cautious use over metal implants
|
|
|
Which has greater heating effect shortwave or microwave diathermy?
|
microwave diathermy
|
|
|
Which tissues are more greatlyt affected by diathermy?
|
tissues with high water content, however areas with synovial fluid or cerebrospinal fluid are especially sensitive so don't use it in these areas
|
|
|
What is M.E.N.S therapy?
|
Microamp Electrical NErve Stimulation, it is very comfortable and safe,
|
|
|
Which has a deeper effect premodulated or interferential electrical stimulation
|
interferential electrical stimulation
|
|
|
What is "Russian Stimulation"?
|
Fixed sinusoidal current of very high frequency (2500 Hz) which produces strong tetanic contractiosn and is used for muscle strenghening and re-education
|
|
|
What is the effect of infrared therapy?
|
suprvidial hat nad vasodilation
|
|
|
What are some physical benfits ot electrical stimulation
|
pain relief, reduction of edema, muscle strengthening, oteogenesis
|
|
|
Whait is the "sticking point" and to what does it apply?
|
The "sticking point" is hte weakest segment in a range of motion. Isotonic exercise to work through a full range of motion the maximal weight which can be used is only that which can be moved through this weakest or sticking pointl
|
|
|
How are muscles graded accordint to manual muscle testing
|
0 = no contraction o muscle
1 = Contractin of muscle, but no motion 2 = motion with gravity elminated 3 = motion against gravity, but no resistance 4 = motion against weak resistance 5 = motion against resistance |
|
|
What are the types of end feel
|
Hard (bony) - typically against bone
tension - due to dense connective tissue springy - typically fibrous tissue, cartialge, or luid with an joint soft - muscle angainst muscle eg. gastro-soleus agaisnt hamstrings |
|
|
What is the first thing you should address in a rehabilitation program?
|
range of motion
|
|
|
What are the 5 main areas of emphasis in an exercise rehabilitation program?
|
range of motion and flexibility
muscle strength muscle endurance cardiovascualr endurance neuromuscular coordination |
|
|
What heart rateshould you aim for when rehabilitating to include cardiovascualr endurance?
|
70-85% of maximal heart rate
maximal heart rate is bout 220 minus patient's age |
