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107 Cards in this Set
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Neuroblastoma
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N-myc Amplification
medullary adrenal mass: small round blue cells displaces kidney, causes anorexia 2 yo presents with paraneoplasic "Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Sro" Opsoclonus: Non-rhythmic conjugate eye movements in various directions (ie not nystagmus) Px: better w/ younger age (<1) and fewer N-mycs |
#pathology #neoplasia
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Toddler with spontaneous bursts of non-rhythmic eye movement and occasional myoclonus
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Neuroblastoma
N-myc Amplification medullary adrenal mass: small round blue cells displaces kidney, causes anorexia 2 yo presents with paraneoplasic "Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Sro" Opsoclonus: Non-rhythmic conjugate eye movements in various directions (ie not nystagmus) Px: better w/ younger age (<1) and fewer N-mycs |
#pathology #neoplasia
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N-myx
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Neuroblastoma
N-myc Amplification medullary adrenal mass: small round blue cells displaces kidney, causes anorexia 2 yo presents with paraneoplasic "Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Sro" Opsoclonus: Non-rhythmic conjugate eye movements in various directions (ie not nystagmus) Px: better w/ younger age (<1) and fewer N-mycs |
#pathology #neoplasia
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Toddler presents with palpable flank mass
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Wilm's Tumor
Histologically: primitive metanephric ts (primtive nephrons) Malignant WT1 is a tumor suppressor gene Chrom 11p [WAGR: Wilm's Tumor, Aniridia, GU Malformation, MR] |
#pathology #neoplasia #nephrology #childhood
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Wilm's Tumor
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Toddler presents with palpable flank mass
Histologically: primitive metanephric ts (primtive nephrons) Malignant WT1 is a tumor suppressor gene Chrom 11p [WAGR: Wilm's Tumor, Aniridia, GU Malformation, MR] |
#pathology #neoplasia #nephrology #childhood
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WT1
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WT1 is a tumor suppressor gene
Chrom 11p WAGR: Wilm's Tumor, Aniridia, GU Malformation, MR |
#pathology #neoplasia #nephrology #childhood
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WAGR
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WT1 is a tumor suppressor gene
Chrom 11p WAGR: Wilm's Tumor, Aniridia, GU Malformation, MR |
#pathology #neoplasia #nephrology #childhood #syndromes
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Myasthenia Gravis vs Lambert Eaton Sro
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MG:
Begins with Optic Muscles Worsens at End of Day & after effort Risk of Thymoma Anti-ACh receptor antibodies Edrophonium improves weakness Nerve Stimulation → decrementalresponse LE: Begins with proximal muslces improves through day & w/ exercise 2° to an already existing malignancy Anti-Pre-Synaptic Ca2+ channel Antibodies Edrophonium does not improve Nerve Stimulation → incremental response |
#neurology #neoplasia #pathology
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c-myc fnx
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nuclear transcription factor
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#molecules #pathology #neoplasia
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TGFα mutation
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oncogene
astrocytoma, hepatocellular carinoma |
#pathology #neoplasia #molecules
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Cauliflower mass in sigmoid colon causing mucoid diarrhea
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villous adenoma
NB: carcinoid tumors also cause diarrhea, but not polypoid (?) |
#pathology #gastrointestinal #neoplasia
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HBV vs HCV
& Hepatocellular CA |
HBV: integrates into genomes
HBx protein encodes for growth promoting and p53 inactivating proteins HCV induces hepatocellular cancer simply through chronic inflammation, does not encorporate into genome, no specific pro-CA molecules |
#pathology #microbiology #neoplasia
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Anastrozole
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aromatase inhibitor
useful v estrogen dpt breast tumors anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane |
#pharmacology #neoplasia #endocrine
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Letrozole
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aromatase inhibitor
useful v estrogen dpt breast tumors anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane |
#pharmacology #neoplasia #endocrine
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Exemestane
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aromatase inhibitor
useful v estrogen dpt breast tumors anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane |
#pharmacology #neoplasia #endocrine
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aromatase inhibitors
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anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane
useful v estrogen dpt breast tumors |
#pharmacology #neoplasia #endocrine
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DOC: AML
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t(15:17) RAR-PML
DOC: all-trans-retinoic acid induces remission in 90% of pts |
#hematology #pharmacology #chemotheraputic #neoplasia #pathology
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many immature myelogenous cells on blood smear
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Not AML: would be "blast cells" rather than immature cells (bands, metamyelocytes, myelocytes)
either CML t(9:22) or leukemoid rxn (ie infx) depends on AP low AP: CML normal or high: leukemoid rxn |
#pathology #diagnostics #hematology #neoplasia
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Frequency:
Esophageal Cancers |
Adenocarcinoma > Squamous Cell Carcinoma
People are fatter and smoking less |
#neoplasia #pathology #gastrointestinal
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HNPCC adenocarcinoma vs Sporadic Adnocarcinoma
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HNPCC
<50 yo right sided multiple arise from apparently normal ts caused by DNA mismatch repair gene mutations: MLH1, MLH2, MSH6 and PMS2 Sporadic >50 yo left sided single arise from adenomatous polyps genetics: adenoma → CA sequence: APC, K-ras, p53 & finally DCC |
#pathology #neoplasia #genticdzs #gastrointestinal
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Right Sided Adenocarcinoma
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HNPCC
<50 yo right sided multiple arise from apparently normal ts caused by DNA mismatch repair gene mutations: MLH1, MLH2, MSH6 and PMS2 |
#pathology #neoplasia #genticdzs #gastrointestinal
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MLH1
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HNPCC
<50 yo right sided multiple arise from apparently normal ts caused by DNA mismatch repair gene mutations: MLH1, MLH2, MSH6 and PMS2 |
#pathology #neoplasia #genticdzs #gastrointestinal
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MLH2
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HNPCC
<50 yo right sided multiple arise from apparently normal ts caused by DNA mismatch repair gene mutations: MLH1, MLH2, MSH6 and PMS2 |
#pathology #neoplasia #genticdzs #gastrointestinal
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MSH6
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HNPCC
<50 yo right sided multiple arise from apparently normal ts caused by DNA mismatch repair gene mutations: MLH1, MLH2, MSH6 and PMS2 |
#pathology #neoplasia #genticdzs #gastrointestinal
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PMS2
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HNPCC
<50 yo right sided multiple arise from apparently normal ts caused by DNA mismatch repair gene mutations: MLH1, MLH2, MSH6 and PMS2 |
#pathology #neoplasia #genticdzs #gastrointestinal
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Colonic Adenocarcinoma in a 30 yo
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HNPCC
<50 yo right sided multiple arise from apparently normal ts caused by DNA mismatch repair gene mutations: MLH1, MLH2, MSH6 and PMS2 |
#pathology #neoplasia #genticdzs #gastrointestinal
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Colonic Adenocarcinoma in a 70 yo
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Sporadic
>50 yo left sided single arise from adenomatous polyps genetics: adenoma → CA sequence: APC, K-ras, p53 & finally DCC |
#pathology #neoplasia #gastrointestinal
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Gastric Adenocarinomas
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2 variants
signet ring: do not form glands, contain mucin diffusely involve stomach wall, often infiltrate cause "leather bottle" linitis plastica intestinal type resemble colon cancers: grow as well demarcated masses of well formed glands |
#pathology #gastrointestinal #neoplasia
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Rugal thickening of stomach
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indicative of ZE sro
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#pathology #gastrointestinal #neoplasia
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"leather bottle" stomach
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signet rinng gastric adenocarcinoma: do not form glands, contain mucin
diffusely involve stomach wall, often infiltrate cause "leather bottle" linitis plastica |
#pathology #gastrointestinal #neoplasia
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linitis plastica
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signet rinng gastric adenocarcinoma: do not form glands, contain mucin
diffusely involve stomach wall, often infiltrate cause "leather bottle" linitis plastica |
#pathology #gastrointestinal #neoplasia
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Best test to monitor for HCC recurrence
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma:
Alpha fetoprotein |
#pathology #neoplasia #diagnostics
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Ataxia + Photosensitive Skin Lesions + Loose stools
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Pellagra 2° to Niacin Deficiency
Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia causes: Corn Based Diets Carcinoid Tumor (uses up all the 5HT) Hartnup Dz: defective transport of neutral AA's in intestine and nephrons → no Tryptophan absorption → no Niacin prodxn |
#pathology #nutrition #neoplasia #geneticdzs
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Pellagra
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Diarrhea,
(Photosenstive) Dermatitis Dementia (Ataxia) causes: Corn Based Diets Carcinoid Tumor (uses up all the 5HT) Hartnup Dz: defective transport of neutral AA's in intestine and nephrons → no Tryptophan absorption → no Niacin prodxn |
#pathology #nutrition #neoplasia #geneticdzs
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Small Cell Lung Cancer
Risk Factors, Histology, Location, Behavior/Px, Genetics, Staining, PNP Sros, Tx |
Histology: Kulchitsky cells: Small Dark & Blue beneith intact epithelium
Arises Centrally Px: Very Aggressuve, Mets Early & Widely Genetics: c-myc Stains: chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD56, neuron specific enoslase Risks: Smoking Tx: Chemo Many PNP Sros: Cushing, Lambert Eaton, SIADH |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Bronchial Adenocarcinoma
Risk Factors, Histology, Location, Behavior/Px, Genetics, Staining, PNP Sros, Tx |
Risk Factors: most common non-small cell cancer
non-smoking females at sites of scarring Histology: Glandular differentiation with mucin prodxn Location: Peripheral Behavior/Px: Slow & Small but with Early & Wide Mets Genetics: EGFR overexpression, Kras mutation Staining: TTF-1, CEA PNP Sros: Clubbing, Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Tx: Surg |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Bronchioalveolar Carcinoma
Risk Factors, Histology, Location, Behavior/Px |
Risk Factors: not assoc. with smoking
Histology: lepidic growth w/o invasion Location: Periphery, Terminal broncheolavoli Behavior/Px: Aerogenous Seeding, Death from Suffox → consolidatn |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Risk Factors, Histology, Location, Behavior/Px, PNP Sros |
Risk Factors: Males, Smoking
Histology: Cavitating; Keratin Pearls & Intracellular Bridges Location: Central (Bronchus/Hilar Mass) Behavior/Px: Large & Slow, Late Mets PNP Sros: PTHrP induced Hypercalcemia |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Large Cell Lung Cancer
Histology, Location, Behavior/Px, Genetics, Staining, PNP Sros, Tx |
Histology: Highly anaplastic: large cells with large nuclei
Location: Peripheral Behavior/Px: Extensive Local Growth PNP Sros: Gynecomastia, Galactorrhea Tx: non responsive to chemotheray |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Lung Cancer:
Dark Blue Cells |
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Histology: Kulchitsky cells: Small Dark & Blue beneith intact epithelium Arises Centrally Px: Very Aggressuve, Mets Early & Widely Genetics: c-myc Stains: chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD56, neuron specific enoslase Risks: Smoking Many PNP Sros: Cushing, Lambert Eaton, SIADH Tx: Chemo |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Lung Cancer:
C-Myc |
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Histology: Kulchitsky cells: Small Dark & Blue beneith intact epithelium Arises Centrally Px: Very Aggressuve, Mets Early & Widely Genetics: c-myc Stains: chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD56, neuron specific enoslase Risks: Smoking Many PNP Sros: Cushing, Lambert Eaton, SIADH Tx: Chemo |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Lung Cancer:
TTF-1 positive Stain |
Bronchial Adenocarcinoma
Risk Factors: most common non-small cell cancer non-smoking females at sites of scarring Histology: Glandular differentiation with mucin prodxn Location: Peripheral Behavior/Px: Slow & Small but with Early & Wide Mets Genetics: EGFR overexpression, Kras mutation Staining: TTF-1, CEA PNP Sros: Clubbing, Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Tx: Surg |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Lung Cancer
CEA positive Stain |
Bronchial Adenocarcinoma
Risk Factors: most common non-small cell cancer non-smoking females at sites of scarring Histology: Glandular differentiation with mucin prodxn Location: Peripheral Behavior/Px: Slow & Small but with Early & Wide Mets Genetics: EGFR overexpression, Kras mutation Staining: TTF-1, CEA PNP Sros: Clubbing, Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Tx: Surg |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Lung Cancer
Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy |
Bronchial Adenocarcinoma
Risk Factors: most common non-small cell cancer non-smoking females at sites of scarring Histology: Glandular differentiation with mucin prodxn Location: Peripheral Behavior/Px: Slow & Small but with Early & Wide Mets Genetics: EGFR overexpression, Kras mutation Staining: TTF-1, CEA PNP Sros: Clubbing, Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Tx: Surg Bronchioalveolar Carcinoma Risk Factors: not assoc. with smoking Histology: lepidic growth w/o invasion Location: Periphery, Terminal broncheolavoli PNP Sros: Clubbing, Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Behavior/Px: Aerogenous Seeding, Death from Suffox → consolidatn |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Lung Cancer: EGFR
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Bronchial Adenocarcinoma
Risk Factors: most common non-small cell cancer non-smoking females at sites of scarring Histology: Glandular differentiation with mucin prodxn Location: Peripheral Behavior/Px: Slow & Small but with Early & Wide Mets Genetics: EGFR overexpression, Kras mutation Staining: TTF-1, CEA PNP Sros: Clubbing, Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Tx: Surg |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Lung Cancer: Kras
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Bronchial Adenocarcinoma
Risk Factors: most common non-small cell cancer non-smoking females at sites of scarring Histology: Glandular differentiation with mucin prodxn Location: Peripheral Behavior/Px: Slow & Small but with Early & Wide Mets Genetics: EGFR overexpression, Kras mutation Staining: TTF-1, CEA PNP Sros: Clubbing, Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Tx: Surg |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Lung Cancer:
Gyneocomastia |
Large Cell Lung Cancer
Histology: Highly anaplastic: large cells with large nuclei Location: Peripheral Behavior/Px: Extensive Local Growth PNP Sros: Gynecomastia, Galactorrhea Tx: non responsive to chemotheray |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Lung Cancer:
Galactorrhea |
Large Cell Lung Cancer
Histology: Highly anaplastic: large cells with large nuclei Location: Peripheral Behavior/Px: Extensive Local Growth PNP Sros: Gynecomastia, Galactorrhea Tx: non responsive to chemotheray |
#pathology #neoplasia #pulmonology
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Peripheral Lung Cancers
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Bronchial & Bronchioalveolar Adenocarcinoma
Large Cell Lung Cancer |
#pathology #pulmonology #neoplasia
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Central Lung Cancers
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Small Cell & Squamous Cell Carcinomas
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#pathology #pulmonology #neoplasia
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Lung Cancer:
Non-smoking Women |
Bronchial Adenocarcinoma
_____________________ Risk Factors: most common non-small cell cancer non-smoking females at sites of scarring Histology: Glandular differentiation with mucin prodxn Location: Peripheral Behavior/Px: Slow & Small but with Early & Wide Mets Genetics: EGFR overexpression, Kras mutation Staining: TTF-1, CEA PNP Sros: Clubbing, Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Tx: Surg |
#pathology #pulmonology #neoplasia
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Lung Cancer
Definitively Not Caused by Smoking |
Bronchioalveolar Carcinoma
____________________________ Risk Factors: not assoc. with smoking Histology: lepidic growth w/o invasion Location: Periphery, Terminal broncheolavoli PNP Sros: Clubbing, Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Behavior/Px: Aerogenous Seeding, Death from Suffox → consolidatn |
#pathology #pulmonology #neoplasia
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Lung Cancer
Slow Growth Early Mets |
Bronchial Adenocarcinoma
_____________________________ Risk Factors: most common non-small cell cancer non-smoking females at sites of scarring Histology: Glandular differentiation with mucin prodxn Location: Peripheral Behavior/Px: Slow & Small but with Early & Wide Mets Genetics: EGFR overexpression, Kras mutation Staining: TTF-1, CEA PNP Sros: Clubbing, Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Tx: Surg |
#pathology #pulmonology #neoplasia
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Lung Cancer
Fast Growth Early Mets |
Small Cell
Large Cell _____________________ Small Cell Lung Cancer Histology: Kulchitsky cells: Small Dark & Blue beneith intact epithelium Arises Centrally Px: Very Aggressuve, Mets Early & Widely Genetics: c-myc Stains: chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD56, neuron specific enoslase Risks: Smoking Many PNP Sros: Cushing, Lambert Eaton, SIADH Tx: Chemo Large Cell Lung Cancer Histology: Highly anaplastic: large cells with large nuclei Location: Peripheral Behavior/Px: Extensive Local Growth, Early Mets PNP Sros: Gynecomastia, Galactorrhea Tx: non responsive to chemotheray |
#pathology #pulmonology #neoplasia
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Lung Cancer
Slow Growth Late Mets |
Squamous Cell
________________________ Risk Factors: Males, Smoking Histology: Cavitating; Keratin Pearls & Intracellular Bridges Location: Central (Bronchus/Hilar Mass) Behavior/Px: Large & Slow, Late Mets PNP Sros: PTHrP induced Hypercalcemia |
#pathology #pulmonology #neoplasia
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Lung Cancer
Hypercalcemia |
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
___________________________ Risk Factors: Males, Smoking Histology: Cavitating; Keratin Pearls & Intracellular Bridges Location: Central (Bronchus/Hilar Mass) Behavior/Px: Large & Slow, Late Mets PNP Sros: PTHrP induced Hypercalcemia |
#pathology #pulmonology #neoplasia
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Lung Cancer
Mucin Producing Glands |
Bronchial Adenocarcinoma
_____________________ Risk Factors: most common non-small cell cancer non-smoking females at sites of scarring Histology: Glandular differentiation with mucin prodxn Location: Peripheral Behavior/Px: Slow & Small but with Early & Wide Mets Genetics: EGFR overexpression, Kras mutation Staining: TTF-1, CEA PNP Sros: Clubbing, Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Tx: Surg |
#pathology #pulmonology #neoplasia
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Lung Cancer
Cavitating |
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
_____________________ Risk Factors: Males, Smoking Histology: Cavitating; Keratin Pearls & Intracellular Bridges Location: Central (Bronchus/Hilar Mass) Behavior/Px: Large & Slow, Late Mets PNP Sros: PTHrP induced Hypercalcemia |
#pathology #pulmonology #neoplasia
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Lung Cancer
Intercellular Bridges |
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
_____________________ Risk Factors: Males, Smoking Histology: Cavitating; Keratin Pearls & Intracellular Bridges Location: Central (Bronchus/Hilar Mass) Behavior/Px: Large & Slow, Late Mets PNP Sros: PTHrP induced Hypercalcemia |
#pathology #pulmonology #neoplasia
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Most common location of colon cancer
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rectosigmoid colon
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#pathology #neoplasia #gastrointestinal
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Ki 67
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protein expressed in S phase
maker for proliferation near 100% in cancers |
#pathology #neoplasia #molecules #diagnostics
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SERM: agonist in bones antagonist in breast and uterus
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Raloxifene
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#pharmacology #endocrine #neoplasia
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Raloxifene
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SERM: agonist in bones antagonist in breast and uterus
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#pharmacology #endocrine #neoplasia
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Palpable But Non-Tender Gallbladder
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Courvoisier Sign
indicative of adenocarcinoma of head of pancreas compressing bile duct Biggest environmental contributor: smoking |
#pathology #gastrointestinal
#neoplasia |
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Low Fiber Diet v CA
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Colonic Adenocarcinoma
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#pathology #gastrointestinal #neoplasia |
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"Starry Sky" Lymphoma
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Burkitt's Lymphoma
appearance from M∅ &apoptotic bodies almost all assoc. w/ c-MYC translocations on chrom 8 usually w/ Ig on 14 t(18;14) |
#pathology #neoplasia #hematology
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Major causes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Hep B, Hep C, Chronic EtOH, Afloatoxins
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#pathology #neoplasia #hepatobiliary
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Why inverted nipple w/ breast ca?
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suspensory ligament infiltration
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#pathology #diagnostics #reproductive #neoplasia
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Where are ulcers not likely to be malignant
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Vast Majority of Ulcers Duodenal
Even when H pylori induced, not likely malignant Esewhere assoc. w/ malignancy Stomach: adenocarcinoma, maltoma Esophagus: adenocarcinoam Colon: annular "napkin rings" or UC (still ↑ risk) |
#neoplasia #pathology #gastrointestinal
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Atrial Myxoma
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pedunculated gelatenous masses
scattered cells w/in mucopolysaccharide stroma large amts of VEGF and IL6 produced → intrapeduncular hemorrhaging → constitutional sx either embolize or obstruct valves dyspnea improves lying down most common cardiac neoplasm |
#pathology #cardiology #neoplasia
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systemic inflammatory response, mid-diastolic murmur at apex, dyspnea which improves when supine
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pedunculated gelatenous masses
scattered cells w/in mucopolysaccharide stroma large amts of VEGF and IL6 produced → intrapeduncular hemorrhaging → constitutional sx either embolize or obstruct valves dyspnea improves lying down most common cardiac neoplasm |
#pathology #cardiology #neoplasia
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Horner's Sro + UE LMN signs
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pancoast tumor esp adenocarcinoma from apex of lung
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#pathology #neurology #neoplasia
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Topoisomerase I vs II
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1: single stranded nicks to relieve supercoiling
2: transient doublestranded breaks Topoisomerase II is the target of etoposide and podophyllin etoposide esp useful for testicular cancer and small cell lung cancer |
#molecules #pharmacology #neoplasia
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describe the pathogenesis of HBV assoc hepatocellular carcinoma
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viral integration into host genome
viral protein HBx activates both synthesis of IGF-II and IGF-I-R |
#pathology #neoplasia #microbiology
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Moldy Grain mutates p53 causes
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Aflotoxin G to T mutation causes Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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#neoplasia #microbiology #pathology
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inv(16)
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inversion of chrom 16
M3Eo (eosinophilic subtype) of AML |
#neoplasia #pathology #genetics
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genetics: M3Eo AML
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inv(16)
inversion of chrom 16 M3Eo (eosinophilic subtype) of AML |
#neoplasia #pathology #genetics
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NF-2
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Autosomal Dominant
Tumor suppressor gene merlin on chrom 22 --bilateral accoustic shwannomas --few cutaneous signs |
#pathology #neurology #neoplasia
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merlin protein
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Autosomal Dominant
NF-2 Tumor suppressor gene merlin on chrom 22 --bilateral accoustic shwannomas --few cutaneous signs |
#pathology #neurology #neoplasia
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Esophageal Neoplasm with Keratin Pearls
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
EtOH & Tob Poor Px |
#pathology #neoplasia #gastrointestinal
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Gastrin secreting tumors
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Zollinger Ellison Sro
↑ histamine release from enterochromaffin like cells → ↑ ↑ H+ prodxn by parietal cells multiple ulcers in odd places diarrhea 2° to inactivated pancreatic enzymes |
#pathology #neoplasia #gastrointestinal
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Li Frauman Sro
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p53 KO
Breast, Brain Adrenal Cortex Sarcomas Leukemias |
#genetics #pathology #neoplasia
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Cancer 2° to EBV
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma esp in China & Africa Burkitt's Lymphoma in Africa & new Guinea |
#pathology #neoplasia #microbiology
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Colonic Polyps
What features indicate malignant vs benign |
Non-neoplastic Polyps:
Hyperplastic (well differentiated w/ crypts and glands) Hamartomatous: sporatic or Peutz-Jeghers and Juvenile Polyposis Inflammatory: regenerating (Crohns) Lymphoid: children Neoplastic factors: Degree of dysplasia Villous>Tubular Size esp >4 |
#pathology #gastrointestinal #neoplasia
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Carcinoid Tumor: Benign vs Metastatic
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5-hydroxyindolacetetic aciduria
Liver will metabolize any products normally If there are systemic sx then it has metastesized to the liver already |
#pathology #neoplasia
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Single lymph node grows and shrinks cyclically
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Follicular lymphoma
benign most common non-hodgkin lymphoma in adult t(14:28) Bcl2 |
#neoplasia #pathology
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Follicular lymphoma
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benign
most common non-hodgkin lymphoma in adult t(14:28) Bcl2 Single lymph node grows and shrinks cyclically |
#neoplasia #pathology
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Lambert-Eaton Sro is 2° to what?
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Classically Small Cell Lung Cancer
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#pathology #neoplasia
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easy fatigability, constpitation, back pain and azotemia
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multiple myeloma
Bence Jones Light Chainse |
#pathology #neoplasia #presentations
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Carcinoid Tumor which produces diarrhea
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WDHA
whatery Diarrhea Hypokalemia Achlorhydria Vasoactive Peptide relaces GI smm inhbitis gastric H+ stims pancreatic bicarbonate |
#pathology #neoplasia
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Normal molecular progression to colon cancer
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Normal Epithlium
mutated APC → Early Adenoma mutated K-RAS → late adenoma mutation of p53 & DCC → malignant trnasformation adenomas <1 cm unlikely to undergo malifnant transformation >4cm likely → adenocarcinoma |
#pathology #neoplasia
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Precocious puberty + Paralysis of Upward Gaze
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Paralyzis of upward gaze = parinaud sro aka dorsal midbrain sro
consistent with tumor in pineal region and germinomas are most common tumor of pineal gland precocious puberty induced by βHCG prodxn may proceed to obstructive hydrocephalus |
#pathology #neoplasia #neurology
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Pineal Tumor
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germinomas are most common tumor of pineal gland
precocious puberty induced by βHCG prodxn Paralyzis of upward gaze = parinaud sro aka dorsal midbrain sro consistent with mass occupying lesion may proceed to obstructive hydrocephalus |
#pathology #neoplasia #neurology
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Most common Cancers in Women and Men
Highest Death causing Cancers in women and men |
Incidence
--Women: Breast > Lung > Colon/Rectum --Men: Prostate > Lung > Colon/Rectum Mortality --Men: Lung > Prostate --Women: Lung > Breast |
#pathology #neoplasia
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Psammoma bodies
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"Sand Bodies" laminated concentric calcific spherules seen in:
Papillary adenocarcinoma of Thyroid Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary Meningioma Malignant mesotheliuma Mn: PSaMMoma Pappilary, Serous, Meningioma, Mesothelioma |
#pathology #neoplasia
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Partial Mole v Complete Mole
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Partial Mole: one ovum + 2 or more sperm → 69XXX or 69 XXY
Complete Mole: one sperm enters egg, duplicates its chromosomes while maternal chroms eliminated "androgenesis" almost always 46XX |
#pathology #embryology #neoplasia
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Multiple Myeloma
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Plasma Cell Neoplasia
Anemia → infx Bone Resorption → hypercalcemia AL amyloid "apple green" birefringence → renal failure → Bence Jones light Chains |
#pathology #neoplasia
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Cladribine
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Adenosine analogue, resistent to Adenosine deaminase → reaches high concentrations in cells
DOC for hairy cell leukemia → complete remissions good CNS penetration, urinary excretion |
#pharmacology #chemotheraputics #neoplasia
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Adenosine Deaminase Resistant Adenosine Analogue
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Cladribine
Adenosine analogue, resistent to Adenosine deaminase → reaches high concentrations in cells DOC for hairy cell leukemia → complete remissions good CNS penetration, urinary excretion |
#pharmacology #chemotheraputics #neoplasia
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DOC Hairy Cell Leukemia
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Adenosine analogue, resistent to Adenosine deaminase → reaches high concentrations in cells
DOC for hairy cell leukemia → complete remissions good CNS penetration, urinary excretion |
#pharmacology #chemotheraputics #neoplasia
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Fludrabine
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Purine analogue used in CLL
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#pharmacology #chemotheraputics #neoplasia
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Reed Sternberg Cells
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ample cytoplasm
double/bi-lobed nuclei indicative of Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
#pathology #neoplasia #hematology
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Cell with double/bi-lobed nuclei and ample cytoplasm
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Reed Sternburg Cells
pathognomic for Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
#pathology #neoplasia #hematology
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renal mass
3p deletion |
renal cell carcinoma
assoc w/ 3p deletion = VHL KO → constitutive HIF expression (hypoxia induced factor ↑ VEGF) half of all spontaneous RCC's ( & VHL Sro incl RCC) Micro: "polygonal cells with abundant clear cytoplasm" Grossly: CHO & Lipids = golden mets to lungs & bones, (prefers lungs) Wide Range of PNPSro's: -EPO → polycythemia -ACTH → cushing's -PTHrP → hypercalcemia -Prolactin → HPG suppression |
#pathology #syndromes #neoplasia
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cerebellar hemangioblastomas
renal cell carcinomas & pheocytochromas |
Von Hippel Landau Sro
usually 3p delection AD Sro (Knudsons) VHL KO → constitutive HIF expression (hypoxia induced factor ↑ VEGF) allso accts for half of all spontaneous RCC's |
#pathology #syndromes #neoplasia
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CD31+ Tumor
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PECAM1 used for leukocyte migration
tumor of vascular endothelial cells |
#pathology #neoplasia
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Dyspniac Lung Biopsy
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Metastatic Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Most Common Renal Cell Carcinoma assoc w/ 3p deletion = VHL KO → constitutive HIF expression (hypoxia induced factor ↑ VEGF) half of all spontaneous RCC's ( & VHL Sro incl RCC) Micro: "polygonal cells with abundant clear cytoplasm" Grossly: CHO & Lipids = golden mets to lungs & bones, (prefers lungs) Wide Range of PNPSro's: -EPO → polycythemia -ACTH → cushing's -PTHrP → hypercalcemia -Prolactin → HPG suppression |
#pathology
#neoplasia |
