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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Embyological Origin of the Adrenal Gland?
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Cortex from Mesoderm
Medulla from Neural Crest Cells |
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Layers of the Adrenal Gland (exterior to interior)?
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Capsule
Zona Glomerulosa Zona Fasciculata Zona Reticularis Medulla |
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Who regulates the Zona Glomerulosa?
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Renin-Angiotensin
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Who regulates the Zona Fasciculata?
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ACTH, hypothalamic CRH
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Who regulates the Zona Reticularis?
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ACTH
Hypothalamic CRH |
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Who regulates the Adrenal Medulla?
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Preganglionic Sympathetic Fibers
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What is secreted by the Zona Glomerulosa?
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Aldosterone
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What is secreted by the Zona Fasciculata?
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Cortisol
Sex Hormones |
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What is secreted by the Zona Reticularis?
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Sex Hormones
(e.g. androgens) |
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What is secreted by the Adrenal Medulla?
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Catecholamines
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What is a pheochromocytoma?
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Tumor of Adrenal MEDULLA
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What other tumor can show up in the Adrenal Medulla? difference from pheochromocytoma?
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Neuroblastoma (from primitive NCC's)
doesn't cause HTN |
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How does the Adrenal Glands drain?
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Left AG---> left adrenal vein---> left renal vein---> IVC
Right AG ---> Right adrenal vein---> IVC (no renal vein) |
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What does the Posterior Pituitary do?
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Stores Vasopressin and Oxytocin that are made in the hypothalamus
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Emobryonic origin of Posterior Pituitary?
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Neuroectoderm
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What does the Anterior Pituitary secrete?
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FSH
LH ACTH TSH PRL GH and melanotropin |
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what are the subunits of ant. pituitary secretions? significance?
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Alpha - common subunit to TSH, LH, FSH, and hCG
Beta-determines hormone specificity |
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What is the endocrine zones in the pancreas? where are they located in the pancreas? embryonic origin?
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Islets of Langerhans
most numerous in tail pancreatic buds |
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What is the cell makeup of Islets of Langerhans? locations in the islet?
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Alpha cells in periphery
Beta Cells centrally Delta cells are interspersed |
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Fxn of the Endocrine cell types of the pancreas?
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alpha: glucagon
beta: insulin delta: somatostatin |
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Who are the Insulin-Dependent Organs? what do they need insulin for?
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Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue: need it to increase glucose uptake
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What transporter do skeletal muscle and adipose tissue use to transport glucose after insulin activates it?
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GLUT-4
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What two organs take up glucose independent of insulin?
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Brain
RBC's |
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What do the brain and RBC's use if there isn't enough glucose for metabolism?
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Brain switches to ketone bodies, but RBC's can only use glucose
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Transporter Brain and RBC's use for insulin-independent glucose transport?
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GLUT1
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