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146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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red bone marroe in long bones >
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1-RBC
2-WBC 3-platelets |
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hemocytoblasts
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Red bone marrow precursor cells
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hemocytoblasts >
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formed elements
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megakaryocytes >
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platelets
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red bone marrow in
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cancellous/spongy bone
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yellow bone marrow
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fat storage
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platelets role
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hemostasis
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granulocytes
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neb
neutrophil eosinophil basophil |
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agranulocytes
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monocytes
lymphocytes |
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hematocrit
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45% in males
proportion of erythrocytes |
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least abundant leukocytes
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basophils
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blood =
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- 8% of body weight
- 4-6 L |
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LEUKOCYTES:
neutrophils |
70%
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LEUKOCYTES:
lymphocytes |
30%
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LEUKOCYTES:
monocytes |
2-6%
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plasma %
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55% of volume
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formed elements volume
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45% of volume
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% of H2O in plasma
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90%
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portion of blood not plasma
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formed elements
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formed elements =
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erythrocytes
leukocytes platelets |
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serum =
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blood plasma -
fibrinogen |
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portion of plasma that is protein
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7%
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proteins in plasma =
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albumin 55%
globulin 38% fibrinogen 7% |
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cytoplasmic fragments of cells =
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platelets
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platelet life span
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5-9 days
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megakaryocytes > platelets
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thrombopoietin
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secretory vesicles are located in
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platelets
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directly promotes platelet aggregation
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thromboxane A
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platelets adhere to collagen and release
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ADP
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increased RBC
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polycythemia vera
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opposite anemia
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polycythemia vera
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erythrocytosis
leukocytosis thrombocytosis splenomegaly |
polycythemia vera
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decrease in erythropoietin
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polycythemia vera
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chronic hypoxia
high altitudes heavy smoking adult polycystic kidney |
secondary polycythemia
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high altitudes
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osker dx
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fibrous tissue replace precursor cells that make RBC in bone marrow
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myelofibrosis
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cancerous
abnormal granulocyte |
CML
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myeloid stem cells>
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produce blood cells
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increase in basophils
serum uric acid splenomegaly |
myeloproliferative
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myeloid stem cells dev and reproduce abnormally
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myeloproliferative
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pernicious anemia
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lack of intrinsic factor
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abnormal hemoglobin
low levels of erthyrocytes |
thalassemia
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imbalance in production of 1/4 chains in AA that make up hemoglobin
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thalassemia
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inhibition/destruction of red bone marrow
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aplastic anemia
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radiation
toxins meds > |
aplastic anemia
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inadequate production of erythrocytes
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aplastic anemia
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megaloblastic anemia
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pernicious anemia
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prone gastric carcinoma
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pernicious anemia
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-obstructive venous return
-increased back pressure from CHF |
passive congestion
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localized arteriolar dilation
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active congestion
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blushing
inflammation |
active congestion
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passive congestion 2 forms
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acute
chronic |
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acute>
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shock
right sided heart |
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chronic>
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lung=left sided heart
liver=right sided heart |
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wear out HTN
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cardiac failure
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blow out HTN
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cerbrovascular accident
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run out HTN
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renal failure
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ABCDE
secondary HTN |
A-
B C D E |
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common cause of secondary HTN
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kidney disease
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HTN
no identifiable cause 90-95% |
essential HTN
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increased RBC destruction
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hemolytic anemia
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erythroblastosis fetalis
sicle cell anemia thalasemias hereditary sperocytosis |
hemolytic anemia
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circulating RBC greater than normal
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macrocytic anemia
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chronic blood loss
nutritional anemia |
microcytic anemia
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def of folic acid
def of vit B12 |
macrocytic anemia
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def B12
def folic acid |
megaloblastic anemia
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oral anticoagulant
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dicumarol
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dicumarol
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interferes with
vit k |
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inhibits formation of prothrombin in liver
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dicumarol
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dicumarol=
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warfarin
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delay clotting of blood
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warfarin
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delayed blood clotting
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-heparin
-leukemia -cirrhosis thrombocytopenia= decreasedplatelets -von willebrand -aspirin -bernard soulier dx |
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platelet adhesion disorder
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bernard soulier
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cylooxygenase inhibitor
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aspirin
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impaired platelet adhesion
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von willebrand dx
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prothrombin
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made/stored in liver
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antithrombin
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heparin
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erythroblastosis fetalis
sickle cell anemia thalassemia |
hemolytic anemia
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increase of bilirubin
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hemolytic anemia
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released from dying RBC
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bilirubin
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accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin
in brain and spinal cord |
kernicterus
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low platelet count of blood
thrombosis in terminal arterioles |
TTP
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpuraq |
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reduced # platlets
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thrombocytopenia
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most common bleeding disorders
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thrombocytopenia
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arteriosclerosis
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aorta
coronary arteries |
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hardening of arteries
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arteriosclerosis
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consequences of
atherosclorosis |
ischemic heart disease
stroke aneurysm |
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coronary artery dx=
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ischemic heart dx
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degenerative changes in walls of arteries
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atherosclerosis
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hepatocellular damage
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carbon tetrachloride
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renal tubular necrosis
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mercury chloride
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blindness
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methyl alcohol
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basophilic stippling of RBC
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lead
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cherry red discoloration of
skin mucosa tissue |
acute carbon monoxide
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generalized swelling
edema |
anasarca
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excess fluid in peritoneal cavity
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ascites
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noninflammatory edema fluid
due to altered -intravacular hydrostatic or osmotic pressure |
transudate
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result of inflammation>
edema from increased vascular permeability |
exudate
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peripheral edemA
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right sided CHF
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pulmonary edema=
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left sided CHF
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finger against swollen area (5 sec)
then indentaion is left that fills slowly |
pitting edema
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finger against swollen area (5 sec)
no indentation is left |
nonpitting edema
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blood clot inside
-BV -cavity of heart |
thrombus
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blood clot that moves thru bloodstream until it lodges
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embolus
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develops in
is attached to BV wall |
embolus
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common source of pulmonary embolism>
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thrombophelebitis
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inflammation of vein
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phlebitis
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accumulatin of excessive blood within BV
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congestion
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not getting enough blood flow>
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shock
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shock that results from injury to CNS
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neurogenic
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shock that occurs with severe allergic rxn
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anaphylactic
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main factor in all types of shock
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reduced cardiac output
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shock that occurs with severe allergic rxn
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anaohylactic
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contributor to arterial thrombosis
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atherosclerosis
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thrombus composed of blood platelets
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white thrombus
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formed by coagulation of stagnatig blood
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red thrombus
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thrombus composed of RBC
not platelets |
red thrombus
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doesnt occlude vessel
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fibrin thrombus
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damage of ventricular endocardium
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mural thrombosis
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MI>left ventricle
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mural thrombosis
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heart failure
extensive tissue damage bed rest pregnancy oral contraceptives age obesity |
venous thrombosis
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formed by enchanced endo injury
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thrombus
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alteration in blood flow
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thrombus
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hypercoagulability
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thrombus
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alternating red and white laminations
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lines of zahn=
arterial thrombus |
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unifomly red
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venous thrombi
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progressive stage of shock
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progressive stage
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advanced stage of shock>
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excess acid produced
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increased HR
increased periph resistance |
non progressive stage
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metabolic acidosis
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progressive stage
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compensatory mxns no longer adequate
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progressive stage
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organ damage
survival not possible |
irreversible
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main factor in all types of shock
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reduced cardiac output
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occurs after large MI
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cardiac tamponade
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most serious complication of pericarditis
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cardiac tamponade
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inflammation causes fluid /blood products into pericardial space
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acute pericarditis
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postinflamm thickening/scarring of pericardium>
constriction of cardiac chambers |
constrictive pericarditis
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caused by TB
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constricive pericarditis
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aortic rupture in pericardial sac
> fatal cardiac tamponade |
dissecting aneurysm
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heart cant pump
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CHF
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chronic long term condition
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heart failure
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left ventricle fails 1st
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heart failure
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systemic venous congestion
periph edema |
right sided CHF
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earliest /common signs of CHF
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paroxysamal nocturnal dyspnea
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swollen edema
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peripheral edema -CHF
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life complication of left heart CHF=
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pulmonary edema
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