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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is special about multiple sclerosis? Who gets MS? What causes MS?
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-it is an chronic AUTOIMMUNE disease of the CNS
-more in women, usually between 20-40, caucasians, temperate climates, higher socioeconomic class -likely a combination of genetic and environmental factors that turns the immune system against the body (myelin is targeted by lymphocytes and other immunocompetent cells which results in inflammation, destruction of myelin and ultimately destruction of the axon |
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How is MS diagnosed? The diagnosis can only be made upon what?
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-there is no test to diagnose it, so it is done CLINICALLY. You can do a spinal fluid analysis though to look for markers assoc. with autoimmune activity
-can only be made when there are separate episodes of demyelination separated by time and space (see if there is more demyelination 3-6 mos. later)..this is called possible MS (the initial ID of demyelination)..once you do another MRI 3-6 mos. later if there is more the nit is called probable MS. Definite is defined by a consistent course |
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Treatment for MS?
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-steroids! But if there is optic neuritis you NEVER treat with oral steroids. Immunosupressant therapy is alos used
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What is optic neuritis? what are the symptoms associate with this? Tx?
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-acute demyelination if the optic nerve.
-see decreased vision, pain with eye movement, color desaturation -corticosteroids, plus pt. should be followed to look for evidence of MS |
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What is transverse myelitis? What can cause it? Symptoms?
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-inflammatory process that is localized over several segments of the spinal cord
-transects the cord -can be due to infection, vasculitis or autoimmune (MS) -symptoms include sensory disturbance below level of lesion, sphincter dysfunction, muscle reflexes initially supressed but then can get hyperactive |
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What is progressive multifocal lukeoncephalopathy?
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-an opportunistic infection caused by the JC virus
-occurs in immunocompromised individuals -characterized by pathcy areas of demyelination in the white matter of both cerebral hemispheres |
