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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the levels of organisation within the body |
Chemical level Cellular level Tissue level Organ level Organ system Organism |
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Define the anatomical position |
Standing upright with arms at both sides with palms forward and feet together. |
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Define medial/sagittal plane |
The plane that divides the body into left and right portions from the midline. |
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Define frontal/coronal plane |
The plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. |
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Define transverse plane |
The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions. |
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Define oblique plane |
Any plane through the body that is not parallel to one of the former three. |
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Define anterior |
The front side of the body. |
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Define posterior |
The back side of the body. |
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Define superior |
Describes a position that is above or higher than another part of the body. |
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Define inferior |
Describes a position that is below or lower than another part of the body. |
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Define lateral |
Describes the side or direction furthest from the midline. |
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Define medial |
Describes the middle or direction toward the midline. |
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Define proximal |
A position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. |
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Define distal |
A position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or trunk of the body. |
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Define superficial |
Describes a position closer to the surface of the body. |
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Define deep |
Describes a position further from the surface of the body. |
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Define homeostasis |
The maintenance of a relatively constant internal state/condition of the body. |
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Define variable |
Internal body condition subject to change. |
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Define set point range |
Limit of values for internal conditions an ideal solution. |
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Define stimulus |
Triggers a change in body condition. |
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What are the three main components of the homeostatic mechanism? |
*Sensors *Control centre *Effectors |
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What are the two communication pathways of the homeostatic mechanism? |
*Afferent nerves or hormones *Efferent nerves or hormones |
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Define the negative feedback mechanism |
The actions of the effectors work to reduce the change in the variable. |
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Define the positive feedback mechanism |
The actions of the effectors work to enhance the change in the variable. |
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Define the feed-forward mechanism |
The action of effectors occurs in anticipation of a likely change in a variable, and happens before the actual change in the variable takes place. |
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How does a negative feedback mechanism work? |
Negative feedback mechanisms work by generating a response in the opposite direction of the initial change. They work to immediately restore the variable within its set point range. |
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Define examples of negative feedback mechanisms |
*The maintenance of internal core body temperature *Blood pressure *Blood glucose levels *Hormone levels |
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How do positive feedback mechanisms work? |
Positive feedback mechanisms work when the effector response amplifies the initial change, moving the variable out of its set point range. |
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Define examples of positive feedback mechanisms |
*Childbirth/labour *Blood clotting |
