Bme 519 - Reproduction - Section C

Front 1

Acrosome reaction

Back 1

plasma membrane of the sperm head is altered so that the underlying membrane-bound acrosomal enzymes are exposed to the outside

Front 2

Afterbirth

Back 2

Entire placenta becomes separated from the underlying uterine wall and a wave of urterine contractions delivers the placenta

Front 3

Alveolus

Back 3

Sites of milk secretion

Front 4

Amnion

Back 4

epithlial layer lining the cavity derived from inner cell mass

Front 5

Amniotic fluid

Back 5

fluid in amniotic cavity; buffers mechanical disturbances and temperature variations

Front 6

Amniotic sac

Back 6

Epithelial layer lining the cavity derived from inner cell mass

Front 7

Antrum

Back 7

fluid filled space in the midst of the granulosa cells

Front 8

Atresia

Back 8

Example of programmed cell death

Front 9

Blastocyst

Back 9

cells have lost their totipotentiality and have begun to differentiate

Front 10

Capacitation

Back 10

sperm are not able to fertilize the egg until they have resided in the female tract for several hours and been aced upon by secretions of the tract

Front 11

Cervix

Back 11

Lower portion of the uterus

Front 12

Chorion

Back 12

outer most layers of trophoblast cells supplying the fetal portion of placenta

Front 13

Chorionic villi

Back 13

projections of the trophoblast cells extending from the chorion into the endometrium

Front 14

Cleavage

Back 14

mitotic cell divisions

Front 15

Clitoris

Back 15

female homolog of the penis

Front 16

Colostrum

Back 16

watery fluid secreted initially after delivery by the breasts

Front 17

Conceptus

Back 17

a collective term for everything derived from the original zygote throughout pregnancy

Front 18

Congenital

Back 18

specific abnormalities existing at birth

Front 19

Corpus luteum

Back 19

enlarged granulosa cells which secrete estrogen, progesterone and inhibin

Front 20

Cumulus oophorous

Back 20

mound formed from granulosa cell layers surrounding the egg that projects into the antrum

Front 21

Dominant follicle

Back 21

the larger antral follicle

Front 22

Dopamine

Back 22

secreted by hypothalamus, inhibit anterior pituitary cells that secrete prolactin

Front 23

egg

Back 23

female germ cells at any stage of development

Front 24

Embryo

Back 24

the developing human

Front 25

Endometrium

Back 25

epithelial lining of the uterus

Front 26

Estrogen priming

Back 26

presence of estrogen

Front 27

Fallopian tube

Back 27

open into abdominal cavity and cavvity of the uterus

Front 28

Female external genitalia

Back 28

mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule of vagina and vestibular glands

Front 29

Myometrium

Back 29

underlying uterine smooth muscle

Front 30

Oogenesis

Back 30

production of gametes during the fetal period

Front 31

Oogonium

Back 31

primitive germ cells

Front 32

Ovulation

Back 32

release of the egg from the ovary

Front 33

Oytocin

Back 33

released from posterior pituitary, potent uterine muscle stimulant

Front 34

Parturition

Back 34

affects that occur in the uterus during the last few weeks of pregnancy

Front 35

Perimenopause

Back 35

phase of life beginning with menstrual irregularity

Front 36

Placenta

Back 36

organ of exchange between mother and fetus

Front 37

Primary oocyte

Back 37

oogonia develop into primary oocytes which begin first meiotic division by replicating their DNA

Front 38

Primordial follicle

Back 38

one primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cells

Front 39

PRF

Back 39

stimulate the release of dopamine

Front 40

Proliferative phase

Back 40

period of growth of the endometrium

Front 41

Secondary oocyte

Back 41

retains all cytoplasm

Front 42

Female internal genitalia

Back 42

2 fallopian tubes, the uterus, the cervix, and the vagina

Front 43

Fertilization

Back 43

fusion of a sperm and egg

Front 44

Fetus

Back 44

after 2 months

Front 45

Fimbria

Back 45

fingerlike projections in the fallopian tube

Front 46

Follicle

Back 46

egg exists here

Front 47

Follicular phase

Back 47

single mature follicle and secondary oocyte develop

Front 48

Fraternal twins

Back 48

more than one egg becomes ovulated and different sets of genes are carried

Front 49

Graafian follicle

Back 49

the mature follicle

Front 50

granulosa cell

Back 50

single layer of cells

Front 51

hCG

Back 51

hormone that causes the persistance of the corpus luterum during pregnancy

Front 52

Human placental lactogen

Back 52

protein hormone that mobilizes fat and stimulates glucose production

Front 53

Hymen

Back 53

thin fold of mucous membrane partially overlying the vaginal opening

Front 54

Implantation

Back 54

the embedding of the blastocyst into the endometrium

Front 55

Inner cell mass

Back 55

gives rise to the developing human

Front 56

Lactation

Back 56

secretion of milk by the mammary glands

Front 57

LH surge

Back 57

peak of LH approximately 18 hours before ovulation

Front 58

Luteal phase

Back 58

beginning after ovulation and lasting until the death of the corpus luteum

Front 59

Mammary gland

Back 59

breasts

Front 60

Meiotic arrest

Back 60

state until puberty where primary oocytes do not complete their division

Front 61

Menarche

Back 61

the first menstruation

Front 62

Menopause

Back 62

menstrual cycles cease

Front 63

Menstrual cycle

Back 63

maturation of the female gametes followed by its release from the ovary

Front 64

Menstrual phase

Back 64

first day of menstrual flow and the entire duration of menstruation

Front 65

Menstruation

Back 65

the first day of menstrual flow

Front 66

Milk ejection reflex

Back 66

movement of milk into the ducts

Front 67

Myoepithelial cell

Back 67

specialized contractile cells surrounding the aveoli and the ducts adjacent to them

Front 68

Secretory phase

Back 68

part of menstrual cycle between ovulation and the onset of the next menstruation

Front 69

Sinus

Back 69

a pool of maternal blood

Front 70

Theca

Back 70

play an important role in estrogen secretion by the granulosa cells

Front 71

Totipotent

Back 71

has the capacity to develop into an entire individual

Front 72

trophoblast

Back 72

outer layer of cells in blastocyst

Front 73

Umbilical artery

Back 73

blood flow from the fetus into the capillaries of the chorionic villi via this artery

Front 74

Umbilical cord

Back 74

connects fetus to the placenta

Front 75

Umbilical Vein

Back 75

out of the capillaries and back to the fetus

Front 76

Uterus

Back 76

muscular organ between urinary bladder and rectum; source of menstrual flow and place where fetus develops

Front 77

Vagina

Back 77

canal leading from the uterus to the outside

Front 78

Vulva

Back 78

another name for all the female external genitalia

Front 79

Zona pellucida

Back 79

thick layer of material separating the oocyte from the inner granulosa cells

Front 80

Zygote

Back 80

newly fertilized egg