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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the typical atomic ratio of C, H, and O in a carbohydrate?
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1:2:1 C:H:O
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Are carbohydrates polar or nonpolar?
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Polar
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What makes carbohydrates polar?
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The high amount of OH groups on them.
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What chemical feature allows carbohydrates to be used to make highly complex molecules?
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The OH groups can be easily replaced with more complex R groups.
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How many carbons are in monosaccharides?
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3-7
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Why are monosaccharides so tasty?
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They are biologically very useful (energy and structure), and are therefor very desirable, hence their deliciousness.
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What makes a monosaccharide an aldose?
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Its C=O bond is on a terminal carbon.
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What makes a monosaccharide a ketose?
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Its C=O bond is on the #2 carbon.
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Which is more common in biological systems, ring or chain monosaccharides?
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Ring.
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Which two components in a monosaccharide bond to make a chain monosacc. into a ring monosacc.?
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C5-OH (usually) and the C=O carbon.
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What makes a monosacc. ring a beta-isomer?
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The C1 OH group is rotated above the ring's plane.
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What makes a monosacc. ring an alpha-isomer?
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The C1 OH group is rotated below the ring's plane.
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What makes up a dissacharide sugar?
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2 joined monosacc.s, or a broken down polysaccharide.
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In the "first" monosacc. which carbon binds to form a dissaccharide?
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Whichever was the C=O carbon (C1 in aldoses, C2 in ketoses)
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What is the name of the bond between to monosacc.s that form a dissach.?
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Glycoside bond
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What are the two types of glycoside bonds?
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Alpha and beta
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What makes a glycoside linkage an alpha or a beta bond?
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The alpha/beta status of the "first" monosacc. before it was bound. (alpha if it was alpha, beta if it was beta)
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What makes a dissacc. an alpha or a beta isomer?
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The character of the nonlinked, opposing OH group on the "second" monosacc. ring.
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Does the character of the glycoside bond make a dissacc. an alpha or beta isomer?
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NO!
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