Blumenfeld Neuroanatomy 18: Limbic System

Front 1

4 functions of limbic system

Back 1

homeostasis
olfaction
memory
emotion

Front 2

2 homeostatic systems driven by limbic system

Back 2

autonomic
neuroendocrine

Front 3

9 components of limbic system

Back 3

olfactory cortex
limbic cortex
hippocampal formation
amygdala
diencephalon (parts)
BG (parts)
basal forebrain
septal nuclei
brainstem (parts)

Front 4

5 limbic cortices

Back 4

temporal pole
medial orbitofrontal cortex
parahippocampal gyrus
anterior insula
cingulate gyrus

Front 5

on ventral view ___ is lateral border of parahippocampal gyrus; as it continues anteriorly it becomes ___ at ___

Back 5

collateral sulcus
rhinal sulcus
temporal pole

Front 6

cingulate gyrus terminates anteriorly as ___ (2)

Back 6

subcallosal gyrus
paraterminal gyrus

Front 7

cingulate gyrus terminates posteriorly as ___ which connects with ___

Back 7

isthmus
parahippocampal gyrus

Front 8

4 kinds of cortical tissue

Back 8

neocortex
mesocortex
allocortex
corticoid

Front 9

neocortex has ___ layers
it is aka ___ (2)

Back 9

6
isocortex
neopallium

Front 10

mesocortex is found in ___
it has ___ layers

Back 10

limbic cortex
between 3 and 6

Front 11

2 kinds of allocortex

Back 11

achicortex
paleocortex

Front 12

archicortex is found in ___
it has ___ layers
it is aka ___

Back 12

hippocampal formation
3
archipallium

Front 13

paleocortex is found in ___
it has ___ layers
it is aka ___

Back 13

piriform cortex
3
paleopallium

Front 14

corticoid areas are ___ cortex which ___

Back 14

simple
merge with subcortical nuclei

Front 15

3 corticoid areas

Back 15

amygdala
substantia innominata
septal region

Front 16

amygdala is comprised of ___ (4)

Back 16

corticomedial nucleus
central n.
basolateral n.
bed n. of stria terminalis

Front 17

3 diencephalic structures which participate in limbic system

Back 17

thalamus
HTh
habenula

Front 18

habenula is part of ___
other components are ___ (3)

Back 18

epithalamus
pineal gland
stria medullaris
habenular commisure

Front 19

2 thalamic nuclei which participate in limbic system

Back 19

mediodorsal
anterior

Front 20

BG parts which participate in limbic system

Back 20

ventral striatum (esp NAcc)
ventral pallidum

Front 21

limbic output from BG projects to ___ and from there to ___ (2)

Back 21

mediodorsal n. of thalamus
orbitofrontal cortex
anterior cingulate cortex

Front 22

basal forebrain is aka ___
it is located ___ with respect to ___
histologically it is ___

Back 22

substantia innominata
anterolateral
HTh
collection of corticoid nuclei

Front 23

basal forebrain includes ___ (5)

Back 23

n. basalis of meynert
olfactory tubercle
ventral pallidum
n. of the diagonal band of broca
preoptic area

Front 24

septal region nuclei lie caudal to ___

Back 24

subcallosal and paraterminal gyri

Front 25

2 septal nuclei

Back 25

medial septal n.
lateral septal n.

Front 26

8 brainstem nuclei which participate in the limbic system

Back 26

interpeduncular n.
dorsal tegmental n.
ventral tegmental n.
parabrachial n.
PAG
reticular formation
NTS
DMN of X

Front 27

5 inputs to fornix

Back 27

medial septal n.
n. of diagonal band
subiculum
hippocampus
hippocampal formation

Front 28

hippocampal formation includes ___

Back 28

hippocampus
dentate gyrus
subiculum

Front 29

medial septal n. projects via fornix to ___

Back 29

hippocampal formation

Front 30

n. of diagonal band projects via fornix to ___

Back 30

hippocampal formation

Front 31

subiculum projects via fornix to ___ (3)

Back 31

medial mammillary n.
lateral mammilary n.
lateral septal n.

Front 32

hippocampus projects via fornix to ___

Back 32

lateral septal n.

Front 33

hippocampal formation projects via fornix to ___

Back 33

anterior thalamic n.

Front 34

anterior part of anterior commisure transmits from ___ to ___

Back 34

anterior olfactory n.
contralateral ant. olfactory n.

Front 35

posterior part of anterior commisure transmits from ___ (2) to ___ (2)

Back 35

amygdala
anterior temporal cortex
respective contralateral structure

Front 36

2 inputs to stria terminalis

Back 36

corticomedial amygdala
amygdala (all?)

Front 37

corticomedial amygdala projects via stria terminalis to ___

Back 37

HTh

Front 38

amygdala (all) projects via stria terminalis to ___

Back 38

septal nuclei

Front 39

ventral amygdalofugal pathway has reciprocal connections between ___

Back 39

amygdala
brainstem nuclei

Front 40

in addition to targeting brainstem nuclei, ventral amygdalofugal pathway transmits to ___ (3)

Back 40

HTh
n. basalis
ventral striatum

Front 41

medial forebrain bundle has reciprocal connections between ___

Back 41

amygdala and other forebrain structures
brainstem

Front 42

stria medullaris transmits from ___ to ___

Back 42

medial septal nuclei
habenula

Front 43

perforant pathway transmits from ___ to ___

Back 43

entorhinal cortex
dentate gyrus granule cells

Front 44

alvear pathway transmits from ___ to ___

Back 44

entorhinal cortex
hippocampal pyramidal cells

Front 45

soma of olfactory chemoreceptor is located in ___

Back 45

olfactory mucosa

Front 46

olfactory chemoreceptors are ___ neurons

Back 46

bipolar

Front 47

olfactory nerve refers to ___

Back 47

proximal axons of chemoreceptors

Front 48

axons of chemoreceptors travel through ___ and synapse in ___

Back 48

cribriform plate
olfactory bulb

Front 49

olfactory chemoreceptors synapse with ___ (2) cells

Back 49

mitral
tufted

Front 50

chemoreceptor synapses with mitral/tufted cells are called ___

Back 50

olfactory glomeruli

Front 51

olfactory bulb is located in ___

Back 51

olfactory sulcus

Front 52

olfactory sulcus separates ___ (2)

Back 52

gyrus rectus
orbitofrontal gyrus

Front 53

mitral and tufted cells contribute to ___
this projects to ___ (2)

Back 53

olfactory tract
anterior olfactory nucleus
primary olfactory cortex

Front 54

olfactory tract projects to 1' olfactory cortex via ___

Back 54

lateral olfactory stria

Front 55

primary olfactory cortex is located ___ly

Back 55

anteromedial temporal lobe, just anterior to uncus

Front 56

primary olfactory cortex is comprised of ___ (2)

Back 56

piriform cortex
periamygdaloid cortex

Front 57

3 limbic cortices on parahippocampal gyrus, from anterior to posterior
___ extends along the lateral aspect of all 3

Back 57

1' olfactory cortex
entorhinal cortex
parahippocampal cortex
perirhinal cortex

Front 58

in addition to olfactory cortex, olfactory tract projects to ___

Back 58

amygdala
olfactory tubercle

Front 59

olfactory tract projects to ___ of amygdala

Back 59

corticomedial n.

Front 60

olfactory tubercle is located in ___ (structure)

Back 60

anterior perforated substance

Front 61

anterior perforated substance is located ___ly

Back 61

lateral to optic chiasm

Front 62

piriform cortex projects to ___

Back 62

oribitofrontal olfactory area
basolateral amygdala
lateral preoptic area
n. of diagonal band

Front 63

piriform cortex projects to orbitofrontal olfactory area via ___

Back 63

thalamus and directly

Front 64

piriform cortex projects via ___ of thalamus

Back 64

mediodorsal n.

Front 65

3 kinds of brain structures critical for memory

Back 65

MTL memory areas
medial diencephalic memory areas
white matter interconnections between the above

Front 66

2 MTL memory areas

Back 66

hippocampal formation
parahippocampal gyrus

Front 67

4 medial diencephalic memory areas

Back 67

mediodorsal n. of thalamus
anterior n. of thalamus
mammillary bodies
other n.s lining 3rd ventricle

Front 68

3 components of hippocampal formation, in embryological proximal-distal order

Back 68

subiculum
hippocampus
dentate gyrus

Front 69

during hippocampal formation development, ___ folds medially onto ___ and ___ folds laterally onto ___

Back 69

dentate gyrus
hippocampus
subiculum
parahippocampal gyrus

Front 70

3 cell layers of dentate gyrus, from superficial to deep

Back 70

molecular
granule cell
polymorphic

Front 71

3 cell layers of hippocampus/subiculum

Back 71

molecular
pyramidal cell
polymorphic

Front 72

___ layers of DG and hippocampus/subiculum meet and form ___

Back 72

molecular
hippocampal sulcus

Front 73

hippocampal sulcus is medial to ___

Back 73

choroid fissure

Front 74

choroid fissure is comprised of ___
it extends between ___ and ___

Back 74

apposed pia and ependyma
fornix
thalamus

Front 75

___ penetrates choroid fissure most inferiorly to perfuse ___

Back 75

anterior choroid a.
choroid plexus of temporal horn

Front 76

___ penetrates choroid fissure most posteriorly to perfuse ___

Back 76

lateral posterior choroid a.
choroid plexus of atrium

Front 77

choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle is perfused by ___ which penetrates ___ from ___

Back 77

medial posterior choroid a.
roof of 3rd ventricle
transverse cerebral fissure

Front 78

anterior end of hippocampal formation is called ___

Back 78

pes hippocampi

Front 79

posterior end of hippocampal formation is at ___

Back 79

splenium of corpus callosum

Front 80

___ is a vestigial extension of hippocampal formation along ___

Back 80

indusium griseum
dorsal surface of corpus callosum

Front 81

___ in parahippocampal gyrus is main input to hippocampal formation

Back 81

entorhinal cortex

Front 82

perirhinal cortex extends along ____ of ____

Back 82

medial and lateral walls
rhinal sulcus

Front 83

2 circuits from EC to hippocampal formation and back

Back 83

perforant pathway
alvear pathway

Front 84

both perforant and alvear pathways receive inputs from ___ (2) of EC

Back 84

layer 2
layer 3

Front 85

soma of 1st cell of perforant pathway is in ___
it synapses in ___

Back 85

layer 2/3 of EC
granule cell layer of DG

Front 86

soma of 2nd cell of perforant pathway is in ___
it synapses in ___

Back 86

granule cell layer of DG
CA3 pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus

Front 87

DG granule cell axons projecting to hippocampus are called ___

Back 87

mossy fibers

Front 88

soma of 3rd neuron in perforant pathway is in ___
it projects to ___ (2)

Back 88

CA3
fornix
CA1

Front 89

CA3 axons projecting to CA1 are called ___

Back 89

Schaffer collaterals

Front 90

soma of 4th neuron in perforant pathway is in ___
it projects to ___ (2)

Back 90

CA1
fornix
subiculum

Front 91

soma of 5th neuron in perforant pathway is in ___
it projects to ___ (2)

Back 91

subiculum
fornix
EC

Front 92

1st neuron in alvear pathway is in ___
it projects to ___ (2)

Back 92

layer 2/3 of EC
CA1
CA3

Front 93

2nd neuron and later in alvear pathway is the same as ___ in perforant

Back 93

3rd neuron and later

Front 94

hippocampus receives input from contralateral hippocampus via ___

Back 94

hippocampal commisure

Front 95

hippocampal commisure is shaped like ___ and located ___

Back 95

membrane
between the crura and bodies of both fornices

Front 96

hippocampus receives cholinergic inputs from ___ (2)

Back 96

medial septal n.

n. of diagonal band

Front 97

hippocampal outputs on ventricular surface are called ___ anteriorly
as they run posteriorly they become ___

Back 97

alveus
fimbria of fornix

Front 98

fornix splits into ___ at ___

Back 98

precommissural fornix
postcomissural fornix
anterior commisure

Front 99

___ fornix continues to mammilary body

Back 99

postcommisural

Front 100

3 kinds of targets for hippocampofugal fibers in fornix

Back 100

HTh
thalamus
lateral septal nucleus

Front 101

___ fibers in fornix project to ___ (2) in HTh

Back 101

postcommisural
medial mammilary n.
lateral mammilary n.

Front 102

___ fibers in fornix project to ___ in thalamus

Back 102

postcommissural (?)
anterior n.

Front 103

___ fibers in fornix project to lateral septal n.

Back 103

precommisural

Front 104

in 1st step of circuit of Papez,
___ projects to ___ via ___

Back 104

subiculum
medial and lateral mammillary n.
fornix

Front 105

in 2nd step of circuit of Papez,
___ projects to ___ via ___

Back 105

medial mammilary n.
anterior n. of thalamus
mammillothalamic tract

Front 106

in 3rd step of circuit of Papez,
___ projects to ___ via ___

Back 106

anterior n. of thalamus
cingulate gyrus
internal capsule

Front 107

in 4th step of circuit of Papez,
___ projects to ___ via ___

Back 107

cingulate gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus
cingulate bundle

Front 108

cingulate bundle is aka ___

Back 108

cingulum

Front 109

in 5th step of circuit of Papez,
___ projects to ___

Back 109

parahippocampal gyrus
entorhinal cortex/hippocampal formation

Front 110

2 memory functions operating at timescale <1 second

Back 110

attention
registration

Front 111

2 structures subserving attention/registration

Back 111

reticular activating system (esp diencephalic)
cortex (frontoparietal association networks, uni/heteromodal)

Front 112

memory function operating at timescale of seconds-minutes

Back 112

working memory

Front 113

structure subserving working memory

Back 113

cortex (frontal association networks, uni/heteromodal)

Front 114

memory function operating at timescale minutes-years

Back 114

consolidation

Front 115

3 structures subserving consolidation

Back 115

MTL structures
medial diencephalic memory structures
cortex (uni/heteromodal)

Front 116

structure subserving memory at timescale >years

Back 116

cortex (uni/heteromodal)

Front 117

2 kinds of amnesia exhibited by patients with MTL lesions

Back 117

retrograde
anterograde

Front 118

retrograde amnesia means ___

Back 118

amnesia for events before insult

Front 119

anterograde amnesia means ___

Back 119

amnesia for events after insult

Front 120

retrograde amnesia for MTL insults is often ___

Back 120

graded

Front 121

graded retrograde amnesia means ___

Back 121

worst for events immediately preceding insult, less severe earlier

Front 122

___ is largest nucleus of amygdala (in humans)

Back 122

basolateral

Front 123

basolateral n. of amygdala projects to ___ (3)

Back 123

cortex
basal forebrain
thalamus

Front 124

corticomedial n. of amygdala does ___ (2)

Back 124

olfaction
appetite

Front 125

corticomedial n. of amygdala projects to ___ to drive appetite

Back 125

HTh

Front 126

central n. of amygdala does ___

Back 126

autonomic control

Front 127

central n. of amygdala projects to ___ (2)

Back 127

HTh
brainstem

Front 128

activity in ___ is associated with pleasure

Back 128

septal area

Front 129

lesions of septal area cause ___

Back 129

sham rage (good band name)

Front 130

amygdala connects with ___ (3) kinds of structures

Back 130

cortical
subcortical
olfactory

Front 131

amygdala connects anteriorly with ___ (2 cortices) via ___

Back 131

medial orbitofrontal
cingulate
uncinate fasciculus

Front 132

3 connections between amygdala and subcortical structures

of these, ___ (2) go to HTh and septal area

Back 132

stria terminalis
ventral amygdalofugal pathway

medial forebrain bundle

ventral amygdalofugal pathway

medial forebrain bundle

Front 133

stria terminalis is located ___ to caudate n.

Back 133

medial

Front 134

3 areas with subtly reduced volume in schizophrenia

Back 134

amygdala
hippocampal formation
parahippocampal gyrus

Front 135

3 regions implicated in OCD

Back 135

caudate
cingulate gyrus
orbitofrontal cortex

Front 136

L frontal lesions cause ___ mood
R frontal lesions cause ___ mood

Back 136

depressed
elevated