Blumenfeld Neuroanatomy 16: Basal Ganglia

Front 1

striatum means __

Back 1

putamen
caudate

Front 2

lentiform nucleus means ___

Back 2

putamen
globus pallidus

Front 3

structures on axial slice at level of anterior commisure from lateral to medial starting from sylvian fissure through internal capsule

Back 3

insula
extreme capsule
claustrum
external capsule
putamen
external medullary lamina
GPe
internal medullary lamina
GPi
internal capsule

Front 4

___ is medial to anterior limb of internal capsule

Back 4

head of caudate

Front 5

___ is medial to posterior limb of internal capsule

Back 5

thalamus

Front 6

___ is located at junction of putamen and caudate, which is located at ___ aspect of putamen

Back 6

n. accumbens
antero-ventral

Front 7

head of caudate comprises ___ aspect of ___ component of lateral ventricle

Back 7

lateral wall
anterior horn and body

Front 8

tail of caudate is part of ___ aspect of ___ component of lateral ventricle

Back 8

roof
temporal horn

Front 9

ventral SN is called ___

Back 9

SNr

Front 10

SNr cells are similar to those of ___

Back 10

GPe

Front 11

SNr and GPe are separated by ___

Back 11

internal capsule

Front 12

thalamus is derived from ___encephalon
STN is derived from ___encephalon

Back 12

pros
mes

Front 13

BG are primarily perfused by ___ branches of ___, except for ___ (3)

Back 13

lenticulostriate
MCA
medial GP
caudate head
anterior lenticulate nucleus

Front 14

medial GP is perfused by ___

Back 14

anterior choroidal a.

Front 15

caudate head is perfused by ___

Back 15

recurrent a. of Heubner

Front 16

anterior lenticulate nucleus is perfused by ___

Back 16

recurrent a. of Heubner

Front 17

2 outputs from BG

Back 17

GPi
SNr

Front 18

GPi handles BG output for ___

Back 18

body except head/neck

Front 19

SNr handles BG output for ___

Back 19

head/neck

Front 20

2 glutamatergic inputs to BG

Back 20

cortex
thalamic intralaminar nuclei

Front 21

main thalamic inputs to BG are from ___ (2)
they are located in the ___ lamina

Back 21

centromedian n,
parafascicular n.
internal medullary

Front 22

BG output to thalamus is primarily to ___

Back 22

VL pars oralis
VA
intralaminar n.s
mediodorasl nucleus

Front 23

GABAergic BG neurons are called ___

Back 23

inhibitory spiny neurons

Front 24

striatal neurons projecting to GPi express ___ (2)
they express D___R

Back 24

GABA
substance P
1

Front 25

striatal neurons projecting to GPe express ___ (2)
they express D___R

Back 25

GABA
Enkephalin
2

Front 26

Cholinergic cells in striatum are called ___
they project primarily to ___

Back 26

aspiny neurons
Enk+ cells (hence anticholinergic use in PD)

Front 27

4 channels processed by BG

Back 27

motor
oculomotor
prefrontal
limbic

Front 28

BG input for motor channel is from ___ (3) and goes to ___
output is at ___
relay is via ___
cortical targets are ___ (3)

Back 28

somatosensory cortex
premotor cortex
1' motor cortex
putamen
GPi and SNr
VL and VA
SMA
premotor
1' motor

Front 29

BG input for oculomotor channel is from ___ (2) and goes to ___
output is at ___
relay is via ___
cortical targets are ___ (2)

Back 29

posterior parietal cortex
PFC
body of caudate
GPi and SNr
VA and MD
FEFs
supplementary eye fields

Front 30

BG input for prefrontal channel is from ___ (2) and goes to ___
posterior parietal cortex
PFC
output is at ___
relay is via ___
cortical targets are ___

Back 30

head of caudate
GPi and SNr
VA and MD
PFC

Front 31

BG input for limbic channel is from ___ (3) and goes to ___
output is at ___ (3)
relay is via ___
cortical targets are ___ (2)

Back 31

temporal cortex
hippocampus
amygdala
NAcc, ventral caudate, ventral putamen
MD and VA
anterior cingulate
orbital frontal cortex

Front 32

GPi connects to thalamus via ___ (2)

Back 32

ansa lenticularis
lenticular fasciculus

Front 33

ansa lenticularis and lenticular fasciculus join to form ___

Back 33

thalamic fasciculus

Front 34

ansa lenticularis runs dorsal/ventral to STN

Back 34

ventral

Front 35

lenticular fasciculus runs dorsal/ventral to STN

Back 35

dorsal

Front 36

lenticular fasciculus runs ventral to ___

Back 36

zona incerta

Front 37

zona incerta is inferior aspect of ___

Back 37

nRT

Front 38

GPe projects to STN via ___

Back 38

subthalamic fasciculus

Front 39

STN projects to ___ via subthalamic fasciculus

Back 39

GPi

Front 40

dystonia implies ___

Back 40

abnormal position of limb

Front 41

4 cerebellar tremors

Back 41

intention tremor
rubral tremor
titubation
palatal tremor

Front 42

rubral tremor has frequency of ___ Hz and amplifies with ___ (2)

Back 42

2-4
limb abduction
holding posture

Front 43

titubation means ___

Back 43

tremor of trunk or head

Front 44

essential tremor frequency

Back 44

5-8 Hz

Front 45

PD tremor frequency

Back 45

3-5 Hz

Front 46

intention tremor frequency

Back 46

2-4 Hz

Front 47

Myerson's sign means ___
it is associated with ___

Back 47

blinking not suppressed by repeated tapping on glabella
neurodegenerative dz (e.g. PD)

Front 48

DDx of parkinsonism (10)

Back 48

PD
toxicity
MSA
PSP
DLB
CBD
trinucleotide repeat disorders
vascular parkinsonism
Wilson's dz

Front 49

3 forms of toxicity causing parkinsonism

Back 49

medication-induced
MPTP
CO

Front 50

3 kinds of MSA

Back 50

Shy-Drager
striatonigral degeneration
olivopontocerebellar atrophy

Front 51

___ is clinical hallmark of MSA
this is caused by ___

Back 51

poor response to L-Dopa
loss of striatal neurons downstream of SN

Front 52

___ is an MSA associated with autonomic symptoms
this is due to ___

Back 52

Shy-Drager
degeneration of spinal IML column

Front 53

Parkinsonism in MSA is typically symmetric/asymmetric

Back 53

asymmetric

Front 54

Parkinsonism in CBD is typically symmetric/asymmetric

Back 54

asymmetric