Blue Book Questions Mouse 2 Part 3

Front 1

Is the K virus labile or stabile outside body?

Back 1

Stable outside the host

Front 2

What is thought to be the mode of transmission?

Back 2

Urine, feces, contaminated fomites (bedding, water, soil, etc), insects because virus in blood.

Front 3

In naturally infected colonies why is newborn mortality rare?

Back 3

mother confer passive immunity on their litters via material antibody. Antibody lasts past 8 days of age

Front 4

Under natural circumstances K virus is entirely inapparent in mouse colonies. True or False.

Back 4

True

Front 5

When would you expect to see clinical signs of K virus in a mouse colony?

Back 5

experiments involving injection of mouse tissues or excreta into newborn mice in infected colones.

Front 6

What route of experimental infection of K virus is most sensitive?

Back 6

Intracerebral route, but all routes work

Front 7

Removed individuals may carry K virus for extended period. True or False.

Back 7

True

Front 8

How long after experimental infection will clinical signs of disease occur?

Back 8

6-15 days PI

Front 9

The K virus requires high ______ concentration for replication.

Back 9

Oxygen

Front 10

What endothelium is the principle site of antigen (virus) localization?

Back 10

Pulmonary endothelium; Hepatic endothelium

Front 11

What other histopathologic change associated with endothelial cells is found with K-virus infection?

Back 11

intranuclear inclusion bodies

Front 12

K virus infection results in formation of perivascular and peribronchiolar lymphoid nodules similar to Sendai and PVM infections. True or False.

Back 12

False - no lymphoid nodules in K virus - only in PVM and Sendai

Front 13

Inclusion bodies have not been reported in Kupffer cell nuclei. True or False.

Back 13

True

Front 14

The predominant characteristics of K- virus infection are latency, chronicity, low incidence, high antibody titers in recovered mice, and infection on young mice. True or False.

Back 14

False - low antibody titers in recovered mice and infection in older mice

Front 15

What the best method for virus isolation of K virus?

Back 15

Inoculate suckling mice less than 8 days of age by any route but the intracranial route is most sensitive. Viral suspensions made from homogenated suspensions of pooled mouse viscera.

Front 16

What does EDIM stand for? What family and genus of virus is it?

Back 16

Epizootic (Epidemic) Diarrhea of Infant Mice. Family = reoviridae Genus = rotavirus

Front 17

Are there antigenic or pathogenetic variants of EDIM virus?

Back 17

No

Front 18

Where in the mouse does EDIM replicate?

Back 18

Epithelial cells of villi of the small intestine.

Front 19

At what age do the first clinical signs of EDIM appear?

Back 19

7-8 days

Front 20

Diarrhea is a primary sign of EDIM; but what also occurs at about 12-16 days of age that can cause death?

Back 20

Rectal impaction

Front 21

In pure EDIM infection mice continue to nurse throughout their illness. True or False.

Back 21

True

Front 22

What signs do adult mice show with EDIM?

Back 22

None

Front 23

Is diarrhea usually mild or severe? Is mortality high or low?

Back 23

Diarrhea usually mild with low or no mortality

Front 24

What are gross clinical signs of EDIM in gastrointestinal tract of mice?

Back 24

Fluid in colon (should be semisolid and formed) color of colonic contents lemon yellow to grey green (should be burnt orange) gas in cecum and colon, stomach with curdled milk.

Front 25

There is severe inflammatory reaction in the gastrointestinal tract of EDIM infected mice. True or False.

Back 25

False - no inflammation

Front 26

Inclusions and vacuoles are seen in what gastrointestinal cells with EDIM?

Back 26

Epithelial cells near tip of villi

Front 27

How does dissemination in the mouse colony primarily occur with EDIM?

Back 27

Airborne route.

Front 28

Are adult mice included in transmission of EDIM?

Back 28

Yes, they can be carriers for a few days

Front 29

What other species are affected by EDIM?

Back 29

None, right now

Front 30

Which litters, first or later, seem to be more affected when exposed?

Back 30

First

Front 31

What serologic test most useful in diagnosing EDIM?

Back 31

ELISA

Front 32

Reovirus 3 infection is also know as what other 2 names?

Back 32

Hepatoencephalomyelitis and ECHO 10 virus

Front 33

What does ECHO stand for?

Back 33

Enteric cytopathic human orphan

Front 34

Dearing, Abney and Can 230 are what?

Back 34

Strains of Reovirus

Front 35

Reovirus 3 is regarded as pantropic in mice What does this mean?

Back 35

Has an affinity for many tissues

Front 36

16 days after IP infection of Reo 3, what occurs to the hair coat?

Back 36

Becomes oily and matted

Front 37

What does OHE stand for?

Back 37

Oily Hair Effect

Front 38

What other clinical signs (REO3) in the gastrointestinal tract occur?

Back 38

Steatorrhea

Front 39

One of the earliest signs in mice is _______ ________.

Back 39

Abdominal distention

Front 40

Other clinical signs of Reo 3 infection in mice?

Back 40

Jaundice (ear, nose, feet and tail), neurologic signs, runting and alopecia

Front 41

Gross path of abdomen in Reo 3 infection shows what?

Back 41

Hepatomegaly with small yellow foci; intestines reddened and distended splenomegaly

Front 42

How does transmission occur in Reo3?

Back 42

Orally, parenteral inoculation and mosquitoes

Front 43

Is there a strain of mice more susceptible to Reo3?

Back 43

No. All are equally susceptible

Front 44

What test used for serology of Reo3?

Back 44

HAI

Front 45

Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) is what genus virus?

Back 45

Coronavirus

Front 46

Are there many stains of MHV?

Back 46

Yes

Front 47

Name 3 other coronaviruses closely related serologically to MHV.

Back 47

HCV - human coronavirus - common cold RCV - rat coronavirus -pneumonia of newborn rats SDAV - sialodacryoadenitis virus - sialodacryoadentis

Front 48

In what organs of mice does MHV grow?

Back 48

Liver, CNS, spleen, bone marrow - and all other organs

Front 49

Can MHV be grown in tissue culture ? In eggs?

Back 49

Yes. Not in eggs.

Front 50

Name one of the pneumotropic variants to MHV

Back 50

JHM

Front 51

Describe primary clinical signs of JHM infection

Back 51

Flaccid paralysis of hind limbs

Front 52

What are clinical signs of acute disease of MHV.

Back 52

Ruffled hair, depression, emaciation, dehydration weight loss, huddling, muscle tremors, deeply colored urine

Front 53

Are all mice affected equally or is there strain differences?

Back 53

There are strain differences

Front 54

In nude (nu/nu) mice MHV causes what disease?

Back 54

Runt disease

Front 55

Name 3 factors enhancing MHV infection.

Back 55

Eperythrozoon coccoides, irradiation, cortisone. Also cyclophosphamide, neonatal thymectomy, splenectomy, etc.

Front 56

Name one factor suppressing MHV infection.

Back 56

Triolein (triglyceryl olenate) also Salmonella typhosa endotoxin.

Front 57

Where is most striking and constant gross pathologic sign?

Back 57

Liver - sparse to extensive mottling

Front 58

Are hepatic lesions sharply demarcated from normal liver or very diffuse?

Back 58

Sharp demarcation

Front 59

What distinctive feature is seen within these lesions in MHV?

Back 59

Intensely eosinophilic material known as Councilman bodies

Front 60

Diagnosis of MHV is by what test?

Back 60

Elisa

Front 61

What does LDV stand for?

Back 61

Lactate dehydrogenase - elevating virus

Front 62

LDV is unusual in its extreme host specificity. True or False.

Back 62

True - infects only mice

Front 63

LDV cause severe clinical signs and low titers. True or False.

Back 63

False - high titers no clinical signs.

Front 64

What characterizes infection with LDV?

Back 64

Elevation of certain serum enzymes (LDH)

Front 65

What overall group is LDHV?

Back 65

Togavirus

Front 66

What other animal viruses is it similar to?

Back 66

Hog cholera virus, BVD and Equine arteritis virus

Front 67

Is LDHV easily transmitted between mice?

Back 67

No

Front 68

Does LDV usually produce clinical signs in disease?

Back 68

No

Front 69

In what will does LDV replicate?

Back 69

Macrophages

Front 70

LDHV replicates slowly / rapidly causing an unusually low/high titer in the serum.

Back 70

Rapidly, high

Front 71

How long does viremia last?

Back 71

lifetime

Front 72

How does this affect the normal life span?

Back 72

It doesn't --- no clinical signs

Front 73

6-10 days after LDV infection what increases in the serum of mice?

Back 73

Gamma - globulin

Front 74

LDV and antibodies form a complex in the blood during lifetime. What organism therefore would you expect to have significant histopath damage but subliminal?

Back 74

Kidney - these immune complexes found in glomeruli

Front 75

Significant increases in another organs weight occurs with LDV infection. What organ? What else causes increase in this organ?

Back 75

Spleen - splenomegaly - eperythrozoon coccoides

Front 76

When C58 mice are immunosuppressed during initial LDV infection what disease symptoms occur?

Back 76

polioencephalomyelitis - paralysis

Front 77

LDV has been found in association with more than 50 different transplanted murine tumors. True or False.

Back 77

True

Front 78

What test is used to determine presence of LDV?

Back 78

LDH assay

Front 79

What other animal species does LDV replicate in?

Back 79

None - only mouse

Front 80

Does LDV replicate in tumor cells in culture?

Back 80

No

Front 81

How can tumor cells infected with LDV get rid of the LDV without destroying tumor cells?

Back 81

passage of tumor cells in another rodent species or by maintenance of tumor cells in tissue culture.

Front 82

Does LDV replicate at all in tissue culture? If so, what tissue?

Back 82

Yes, primary cultures of normal mouse tissues. i.e. murine spleen, bone marrow, etc.

Front 83

Is LDV an RNA or DNA virus?

Back 83

RNA

Front 84

What's another name for mouse pox?

Back 84

Infectious ectromelia

Front 85

What continent is mousepox not in?

Back 85

Australia

Front 86

What family and genus is ectromelia?

Back 86

Poxvirus - family; orthopoxvirus - genus

Front 87

What is the portal of entry for mouse pox in natural infections?

Back 87

Small abrasions of the skin

Front 88

Surviving animals develop what clinical signs 10-14 days post infection?

Back 88

skin rash - pox over whole body.

Front 89

Like all other pox viruses, ectromelia virus multiplies in the ____________ of affected epithelial cells.

Back 89

cytoplasm

Front 90

What does ectromelia cause to occur in the cytoplasm of these cells?

Back 90

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies

Front 91

What is another name for the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the affected epithelial cells?

Back 91

Marchal body - named after 1st person to demonstrate this organism and its ECIB's

Front 92

The liver is also affected by mousepox. What does one see grossly and microscopically?

Back 92

Grossly - hepatomegaly with many minute white foci. Micro - necrosis

Front 93

What lesions occur in the spleen grossly and microscopically with mousepox?

Back 93

Initially engorgement and later pale, slightly depressed areas of necrosis.

Front 94

What is the primary lesion of mouse pox?

Back 94

lesions of the foot

Front 95

Is the rabbit susceptible to ectromelia infection?

Back 95

No

Front 96

Ectromelia can be used to immunize rabbits against rabbit pox. True or False.

Back 96

True

Front 97

The ability of ectromelia virus to produce acute death with visceral lesions, rash, chronic subclinical infection or whatever was dependent on the genotype of the mouse. True or False.

Back 97

True

Front 98

What strain(s) of mice are most susceptible and which are least susceptible to ectromelia?

Back 98

Most DBA/1 + A Least BALB/C, C57BL/6, AKR

Front 99

If you thought a mouse had a suspicious case of mouse pox how would you diagnose it?

Back 99

Histo - eosinophilic ICB's in epithelial cells. EM - pox virus particles in same tissue. ELISA.

Front 100

If all mice coming into the U.S are screened, how might the ectromelia virus still get into the U.S. and into mice?

Back 100

Via mouse cells or mouse tumor material

Front 101

What 2 ways are there to get rid of mousepox if it's in a colony?

Back 101

Slaughter and disinfection Vaccination with a strain of vaccinia virus.

Front 102

Discuss how mouse breeders can keep mousepox out of their colony.

Back 102

Raise SPF - expensive Vaccinate breeders routinely Vaccinate breeders for 2 generations (Vaccinate IP or scarify the base of the tail)

Front 103

What is the basic phenomena (pathogenesis) associated with infection of mice with LCM?

Back 103

Infection of adults causes either illness and death or leads to recovery and elimination of virus. Infection of young results in persistent infection, clinically inapparent although virus present throughout life with high concentration in all organs.

Front 104

The LCM virus infected mouse is considered to be an excellent system to study what viral phenomena?

Back 104

Persistent viral infections Virus - specific immune tolerance Pathologic immune reactions in virus diseases

Front 105

How does the young mouse get LCM virus?

Back 105

Direct contact or in utero

Front 106

To what genus does LCM belong? Is it an RNA or DNA virus?

Back 106

Arenavirus, RNA

Front 107

Why is it difficult to rely on LCM virus infected culture?

Back 107

They constantly vary - you never know how much or even if you'll have virus.

Front 108

Is LCM of high or low pathogenicity? Why?

Back 108

Low - because it causes clinical signs in just a few species; one of which is man.

Front 109

There are 4 forms of the disease in mice depending on route of infection, age, etc. What are they?

Back 109

Cerebral form via intracerebral route Visceral form via peripheral route Late onset disease in congenital carriers Runting in mice affected after birth or early death

Front 110

With the cerebral form of LCM the higher the virus titer inoculated intracerebrally the higher the mortality. True or False.

Back 110

False - higher titer gives lower mortality Lower titer gives higher mortality

Front 111

What clinical sign is common in the cerebral form and what human disease does it mimic?

Back 111

Convulsions - epilepsy (generalized grand mal seizures)

Front 112

The late onset disease of LCM in congenital carrier mice could also be designated by what name indicating its pathogenesis and histopath?

Back 112

Chronic immune complex disease - glomeruli of kidney affected, choroid plexus of brain affected.

Front 113

________ responses determine the pathologic consequences of infection in the adult mouse.

Back 113

Immune

Front 114

What type of immune response occurs in mice due to LCM?

Back 114

Cell-mediated

Front 115

What is skin heterogenization?

Back 115

The alteration of tissues by virus infection in such a way as to elicit rejection by a nominally syngeneic recipient.

Front 116

Cytotoxic T-cells are used to determine what about LCM?

Back 116

Quantify LCM virus specific cellular immunity.

Front 117

Are mice actually infected with LCM virus immune suppressed?

Back 117

Yes

Front 118

What other animal can transmit the LCM virus to other individuals of the same or different species?

Back 118

Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

Front 119

How does transmission from mouse to mouse occur?

Back 119

saliva, nasal secretions, urine

Front 120

What social behavior in mice reduce amount of transmission of LCM?

Back 120

Mice are antisocial, rarely migrate, with little or no contact with other mice

Front 121

What is the principal mode of transmission of LCM?

Back 121

In utero

Front 122

Are fomites considered important in LCM transmission? Why or why not?

Back 122

No, because virus very labile

Front 123

If mice are challenged by intracerebral inoculation of LCM and die, is LCM in the colony? Why or why not?

Back 123

No, if they die they are not immune and have never been exposed to LCM

Front 124

To keep a colony of mice LCM free what must one insure?

Back 124

No feral mice

Front 125

Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is a member of what virus group?

Back 125

Herpes virus

Front 126

CMV were first identified in what gland in mice?

Back 126

Salivary gland

Front 127

What does centrifugation of an inoculum of CMV do?

Back 127

enhances amount of virus

Front 128

CMV is consistently found in wild mice. True or False.

Back 128

True

Front 129

MCMV virulence for mice increases with age, and newborn are not susceptible. True or False.

Back 129

False. Decrease with age and newborn are very susceptible.

Front 130

The salivary glands (submaxillary, sublingual, and parotid) are infected in what order of susceptibility?

Back 130

Submaxillary most susceptible, then sublingual and last parotid