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50 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the 5 key terms that identify the fields or activities relating to the care and use of animals in research, education, and testing?
Animal experimentation, laboratory animal care, laboratory animal medicine, comparative medicine, and laboratory animal science.
animal experimentation
The scientific study of animals for the purposes of gaining new biological knowledge or solving specific medical, veterinary, dental, or biological problems.
Who was the founder of biology and the first to do animal dissections?
Aristotle
Who established that the trachea was and air tube and the lungs were pneumatic organs?
Erasistratus
Who was the founder of modern anatomy and performed public vivisections on dogs and pigs?
Andreas Vesalius
Who published work on the movement of the heart and blood in animals?
Sir William Harvey
Who reported the first blood pressure measurements, using a horse?
Stephen Hales
Who was the founder of experimental medicine?
Claude Bernard (picture on p. 3)
Who was the first scientist to study such infectious diseases as rabies and anthrax in animals?
Louis Pasteur
What animal contracts the infectious disease “pebrine” or pepper? What is the etiological agent?
Silkworms are affected by “pebrine” (pepper). A parasite causes the disease.
What does SPCA stand for?
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
Who was the recipient of the first D.V.M. degreed awarded in the United States?
D.E. Salmon. FYI - the genus Salmonella is named after him.
Who demonstrated the role of arthropod vectors in disease transmission?
Cooper Curtice, Theobald Smith, and others
Whose animal demonstrations for teaching at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City served as the forerunner of “animal labs” for future generations of biology and medical students?
John Call Dalton
Who was the first recognized American laboratory animal veterinarian? At what medical research institution did this person serve?
Simon D. Brimhall (picture on p. 5), Mayo Clinic
Who was the first veterinarian to attain a full professorship for laboratory animal medicine-related academic activities? What Minnesota law resulted from this person’s active campaigning?
Carl F. Schlotthauer, Minnesota “pound law” in 1950 – authorized requisitioning for research and education by approved scientific institutions of impounded but unclaimed dogs and cats.
Who pioneered the concept of “disease-free” animal colonies before gnotobiotic technology had evolved?
Charles A. Griffin
Who was the first president and a founder of AALAS?
Nathan R. Brewer (picture on p. 7)
What does NSMR stand for and who was the first president of this organization?
National Society for Medical Research, Anton J. Carlson (picture on p. 9)
What does AAMC stand for and what is their claim to fame?
Association of American Medical Colleges, NSMR was created by AAMC and about 100 supporting groups in 1946
What does APS and FASEB stand for?
American Physiological Society, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
What does ABR stand for? What organization did ABR eventually become?
Association for Biomedical Research (ABR) was organized in 1979 and eventually become the National Association for Biomedical Research (NABR).
Who was the first president of NABR?
Edward C. Melby
What does SCAW stand for?
Scientists’ Center for Animal Welfare
Who were the founding members of the Animal Care Panel (ACP) in 1950? Who was the first president of this organization? In 1967, the name of the APC was changed to what current organization name?
Nathan R. Brewer, Elihu Bond, Bennet J. Cohen, Robert J. Flynn, and Robert J. Schroeder were the founding members. Nathan R. Brewer was the first president of the APC, which was renamed in 1967 to the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS).
The ACP’s “Guide f or Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care” is now known as what document?
“Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals”
The ACP’s journal, Laboratory Animal Care, eventually had what other journal names?
Laboratory Animal Care became Laboratory Animal Science and is today called Comparative Medicine.
What does NAS stand for? What the function of NAS?
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a private organization with a federal charter. It has been a principal advisor to the federal government on matters related to science and science policy since 1863. Election to NAS membership or its Institute of Medicine is one of the highest honors a scientist can receive.
What does ILAR stand for?
Institute for Laboratory Animal Research
Who was the founder of the Jackson Laboratory?
Clarence Cook Little
What does ICLAS stand for?
International Council on Laboratory Animal Science
When did formal recognition of veterinary medical specialty fields by the AVMA begin? What were the first two specialties?
Began in 1951 with the establishment of the American Board of Veterinary Public Health and the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.
When was laboratory animal medicine recognized by the AVMA as a veterinary medical specialty field? What was the specialty organization’s name prior to becoming ACLAM? What were Diplomats originally called prior to 1961?
1957; the American Board of Laboratory Animal Medicine (became ACLAM in 1961); ABLAM Fellows became ACLAM Diplomats in 1961.
Where and when was the first laboratory animal medicine training program established? Who was this training program’s first director?
The first training program was established in January 1960 at the Bowman Gray Medical School. The program’s director was Thomas B. Clarkson
What does ASLAP and NIH stand for?
American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners (ASLAP); National Institutes of Health (NIH)
What does AAALAC International stand for?
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International
When did Congress pass the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act? What is this law’s current name? Who administers this act?
1966; Animal Welfare Act; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
When was the first edition of the “Guide” published? As of 2002, how many editions of the “Guide” have been published?
NIH published the first edition of the “Guide” in 1963. As of 2002, the seventh edition of the “Guide” is being circulated.
Who uses the “Guide” as the basis for accreditation of animal care and use programs?
AAALAC International
What does FDA and GLP stand for?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA); Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)
What are GLP regulations and who administers them?
The FDA promulgates regulations called GLP for the conduct of animal experiments related to new or existing pharmaceutical medicinal substances, food additives, or other chemicals.
What do the standards of AAALAC International, NIH, USDA, and FDA all have in common?
All include specific references to veterinary medical participation in the care of laboratory animals. These standards provide the basis for implementation of the legal requirement that research animals receive “adequate veterinary care.”
Until 1986, what law governed the use of animals in the United Kingdom? What law is now the current governing legislation in the UK?
Until 1986, the use of animals in the UK was governed by the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876. The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 is now the governing legislation.
What is a difference between the legal regulatory relationship in the UK versus the US when it comes to use of animals in research?
The legal regulatory relationship in the UK is between the government and the scientist, not the government and the institution, as it is in the United States.
What does CCAC stand for?
Canadian Council on Animal Care
Laboratory animal care
Application of veterinary medicine and animal science to acquisition of laboratory animals and to their management, nutrition, breeding, and diseases.
Laboratory animal medicine
Veterinary medical specialty concerned with diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases in biomedical research animals.
Comparative medicine
Study of the nature, cause and cure of abnormal structure and function in people. Animals and plants for the eventual application to and benefit of all livings things.
Laboratory animal science
Body of scientific/technical information, knowledge, and skills on both laboratory animal care and medicine.
Laboratory animal medicine
iv. Encompasses methods of minimizing and preventing pain or discomfort in research animals and identification of complicating factors in animal research.