Bls / Cpr For Healthcare Providers

Front 1

CPR for Adults

CPR consists of 4 main parts, ABC&D. What does each letter stand for?

Back 1

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Defibrillation

Front 2

CPR for Adults

What is the purpose of chest compressions in CPR?

Back 2

keeps the blood flowing to the heart, brain, and other vital organs

Front 3

CPR for Adults

Where should you position yourself when performing chest compressions?

Back 3

at the victim's side

Front 4

CPR for Adults

How should the victim be placed when preforming CPR?

Back 4

on his back on a firm, flat surface

Front 5

CPR for Adults

Is it necessary to remove clothing to perform CPR?

Back 5

yes, you need to be able to see the victim's skin

Front 6

CPR for Adults

When performing chest compressions, where should the heel of your first hand be placed?

Back 6

on the center of the victim's bare chest between the nipples

Front 7

CPR for Adults

When performing chest compressions, where should the heel of your second hand be placed?

Back 7

on top of your first hand

Front 8

CPR for Adults

How should your arms and shoulders be positioned when performing chest compressions?

Back 8

arms should be straightened with your shoulders positioned directly over your hands

Front 9

CPR for Adults

When performing adult CPR, approximately how far should you press down with each chest compression?

Back 9

1 1/2 to 2 inches

Front 10

CPR for Adults

Why is it important to allow the chest to recoil / re-expand completely after each chest compression?

Back 10

full chest recoil allows more blood to refill the heart between chest compressions

Front 11

CPR for Adults

Chest compressions should be delivered in a smooth fashion at at rate of ________ compressions per minute.

Back 11

100

Front 12

CPR for Adults

True/false:

Rescuers SHOULD NOT push hard and deep on the chest when performing chest compressions.

Back 12

FALSE - shallow chest compressions may not produce adequate blood flow.

Front 13

CPR for Adults

True/false:

Rescuers SHOULD compress at a rate of 100 times per minute.

Back 13

TRUE

Front 14

CPR for Adults

True/false:

Rescuers SHOULD NOT allow the chest to recoil completely after each compression.

Back 14

FALSE - complete chest recoil maximizes refilling of the heart.

Front 15

CPR for Adults

True/false:

Rescuers SHOULD NOT interrupt chest compressions often or for long.

Back 15

TRUE

Front 16

CPR for Adults

Where should you position yourself when giving breaths during adult CPR?

Back 16

at the victim's side

Front 17

CPR for Adults

When performing the "Head Tilt--Chin Lift", one hand should be placed on the victim's forehead. Where should the other hand be placed?

Back 17

the fingers of the other hand should be placed under the bony part of the lower jaw near the chin

Front 18

CPR for Adults

What is the purpose of the "Head Tilt--Chin lift" technique?

Back 18

to relieve airway obstruction in an unresponsive victim

Front 19

CPR for Adults

Why should you not press deeply into the soft tissue under the chin when performing the "Head Tilt--Chin lift"?

Back 19

because this might obstruct the airway

Front 20

CPR for Adults

True/false:

The victim's mouth should be closed completely when performing the "Head Tilt--Chin lift"?

Back 20

FALSE (unless mouth-to-nose breathing is the technique of choice for the victim)

Front 21

CPR for Adults

What is the overall purpose of mouth-to-mouth breathing?

Back 21

to provide oxygen to the victim

Front 22

CPR for Adults

A rescuer's exhaled air contains approximately _____% oxygen and _____% carbon dioxide.

Back 22

17% oxygen, 4% carbon dioxide

Front 23

CPR for Adults

What technique allows the victim's airway to be held open when performing mouth-to-mouth breathing?

Back 23

head tilt--chin lift

Front 24

CPR for Adults

What should you do to the victim's nose during mouth-to-mouth breathing?

Back 24

pinch it

Front 25

CPR for Adults

True/false:

Rescuers SHOULD take deep breaths when performing mouth-to-mouth breathing?

Back 25

False - rescuers should take a regular breath

Front 26

CPR for Adults

How many breaths should be given during mouth-to-mouth breathing in adult victims between chest compressions?

Back 26

2 breaths total

Front 27

CPR for Adults

How long should you give a breath during mouth-to-mouth breathing?

Back 27

1 second

Front 28

CPR for Adults

What may occur if you give breaths too quickly or with too much force in mouth-to-mouth breathing?

Back 28

gastric inflation

Front 29

CPR for Adults

What indicator should you watch for when giving mouth-to-mouth to ensure that the victim is receiving air?

Back 29

watch for the chest to rise

Front 30

CPR for Adults

If the chest does not rise during mouth-to-mouth breathing, what step should be repeated?

Back 30

the head tilt--chin lift

Front 31

CPR for Adults

If you give breaths too quickly or with too much force, air is likely to enter the stomach rather than the lungs. This can cause what?

Back 31

gastric inflation

Front 32

CPR for Adults

What is required by OSHA to be used when giving breaths?

Back 32

a barrier device such as a face mask or a bag-mask device

Front 33

CPR for Adults

When acting as a lone rescuer, where should you position yourself in relation to the victim? Why?

Back 33

at the victim's side because this allows you to give breaths and perform chest compressions

Front 34

CPR for Adults

What marker should be used to properly place a mask on the victim's face?

Back 34

the bridge of the nose

Front 35

CPR for Adults

Describe how your hands and fingers should be placed to properly seal a mask on a victim's face.

Back 35

using the hand closer to the victim's head, place the index finger and thumb along the border of the mask

use the thumb of the other hand to hold down the lower margin of the mask

Front 36

CPR for Adults

What is the compression-ventilation ratio for lone rescuers for victims of all ages except neonates?

Back 36

30 compressions to 2 breaths

Front 37

CPR for Adults

What is the first action you should take upon finding a victim?

Back 37

access the victim for a response

Front 38

CPR for Adults

What is the ideal length of time that should be taken to open the victim's airway and check breathing?

Back 38

at least five seconds but no more than 10 seconds

Front 39

CPR for Adults

You access a victim and find that there is no adequate breathing. What is the next step you should take?

Back 39

give 2 breaths

Front 40

CPR for Adults

You have found a victim unresponsive and not breathing properly. After giving the victim 2 breaths, what is the next step you should take?

Back 40

check the pulse, taking at least five seconds but no more than 10 seconds

Front 41

CPR for Adults

If you do not definitely feel a pulse in an unresponsive victim, what is the next step you should take?

Back 41

perform 5 cycles of compressions and ventilations at a ratio of 30:2

Front 42

CPR for Adults

When checking the pulse of an unresponsive victim, what should you do if you feel a definite pulse?

Back 42

give 1 breath every 5-6 seconds, rechecking the pulse every 2 minutes

Front 43

CPR for Adults

True/false

If you are alone and find an unresponsive victim, you SHOULD begin CPR immediately if no one is available to help you.

Back 43

FALSE- if you are alone and no one responds to you calls for help, you should activate the emergency response system (get an AED if available) and then begin CPR

Front 44

CPR for Adults

To check for breathing you should Look, Listen & Feel for what?

Back 44

Look for the victim's chest to rise and fall.
Listen for air escaping during exhalation.
Feel for the flow of air against your cheek.

Front 45

CPR for Adults

Where should you check for a pulse on an unresponsive victim?

Back 45

the carotid pulse

Front 46

CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)

What are the signs of puberty in females and males?

Back 46

breast development in females

underarm, chest, and facial hair in males

Front 47

CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)

When giving breaths to children, make sure you give only enough air to do what?

Back 47

make the chest rise

Front 48

CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)

What should the depth of chest compressions be in children?

Back 48

1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest

Front 49

CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)

If a child's heart rate is less than ____ beats per minute with signs of poor perfusion, you should start CPR.

Back 49

60

Front 50

CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)

True/False

If you find an unresponsive child victim, you SHOULD provide 5 cycles of CPR before leaving the child to activate the emergency response system.

Back 50

TRUE - the only time a lone rescuer should activate the emergency response system before giving CPR to a child victim is if the child collapses suddenly

Front 51

CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)

If a child has a definite pulse, how often should you give 1 breath?

Back 51

every 3 seconds

Front 52

CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)

What is the ratio of compressions to ventilations for a lone rescuer? What is the ratio for two rescuers?

Back 52

Lone rescuer = 30 compressions to 2 ventilations
Two rescuers = 15 compressions to 2 ventilations

Front 53

CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)

When should an AED be used for a sudden, witnessed collapse of a child?

Back 53

immediately

Front 54

Adult/Child Bag-Mask Technique

Where should you position yourself if you are a single rescuer using the bag mask?

Back 54

directly above the victim's head

Front 55

Adult/Child Bag-Mask Technique

What technique is used to hold the mask in place while you lift the jaw to hold the airway open?

Back 55

E-C clamp technique

Front 56

Adult/Child Bag-Mask Technique

Describe the E-C clamp technique.

Back 56

Use the thumb and index finger of one hand to make a "C", pressing the edges of the mask to the face. Use the remaining fingers to lift the angles of the jaw and open the airway (these 3 fingers form an "E")

Front 57

Adult/Child Bag-Mask Technique

Describe the technique used for 2 rescuers using a bag mask.

Back 57

1 rescuer opens the airway with the head tilt-jaw lift technique and holds the mask while the other squeezes the mask

Front 58

What is rescue breathing?

Back 58

breaths given to a victim when they have a pulse

Front 59

How often should breaths be given to adults in rescue breathing?

Back 59

1 breath every 5-6 seconds

Front 60

How often should breaths be given to children in rescue breathing?

Back 60

1 breath every 3 seconds

Front 61

How often should the pulse be taken when providing rescue breathing?

Back 61

every 2 minutes

Front 62

2 rescuer CPR for Adults & Children

Upon finding a victim, what should the second rescuer do while the first rescuer begins CPR?

Back 62

activate the emergency response system and get the AED

Front 63

2 rescuer CPR for Adults and Children

2 rescuers should take turns doing chest compressions. How often should they rotate?

Back 63

After every 5 cycles of CPR (about every 2 minutes)

Front 64

2 rescuer CPR for Adults and Children

Rescuer #1, located @ the victim's side, is responsible for what?

Back 64

Chest compressions

Front 65

2 rescuer CPR for Adults and Children

Rescuer #2, located @ the victim's head, is responsible for what?

Back 65

Maintaining an open airway and giving breaths

Front 66

Why should rescuers avoid giving too many breaths during CPR?

Back 66

to avoid hyperventilation, which can worsen the outcome of cardiac arrest

Front 67

2 rescuer CPR for Adults and Children

When an advanced airway (LMA, combitube, or endotracheal tube) is in place during 2-person CPR for victims of all ages, what is the rate of breaths?

Back 67

1 breath every 6-8 seconds

Front 68

2 rescuer CPR for Adults and Children

There SHOULD NOT be a pause in chest compressions for delivery of breaths when an advanced airway is in place during 2 person CPR.

Back 68

TRUE

Front 69

Automated External Defibrillator

The most common initial rhythm in witnessed sudden cardiac arrest is what?

Back 69

Ventricular fibrillation (VF)

Front 70

Automated External Defibrillator

What happens to the heart when VF is present?

Back 70

it quivers and does not pump blood

Front 71

Automated External Defibrillator

VF deteriorates to _________ if not treated.

Back 71

asystole

Front 72

Automated External Defibrillator

AEDs should only be used when the victim has what 3 clinical findings?

Back 72

- no response
- no breathing
- no pulse

Front 73

Automated External Defibrillator

A patient in cardiac arrest may demonstrate ________ _______, which are not the same as effective breathing.

Back 73

agonal gasps

Front 74

Automated External Defibrillator

What is the age limit for child pads?

Back 74

under the age of 8

Front 75

Automated External Defibrillator

Where should the 2 electrode pads be placed on the body?

Back 75

- first on the upper-right side of the bare chest to the right of the breastbone, directly below the collarbone
- second to the left of the nipple, a few inches below the left arm pit

Front 76

Automated External Defibrillator

You should always _______ the victim when analyzing the rhythm or shocking.

Back 76

clear

Front 77

Automated External Defibrillator

What should begin as soon as the AED gives a shock?

Back 77

CPR starting with chest compressions

Front 78

Automated External Defibrillator

How long will CPR continue before the AED prompts you to re-analyze (and possibly shock) the victim?

Back 78

2 minutes

Front 79

Automated External Defibrillator

For unwitnessed, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children, what should occur before using and attaching the AED?

Back 79

5 cycles (about 2 minutes) of CPR

Front 80

Automated External Defibrillator

When should an AED be used for in-hospital cardiac arrest of a child or for any sudden collapse of a child out-of-hospital?

Back 80

as soon as it is available

Front 81

Automated External Defibrillator

What is the course of action if you are treating a child and the AED you have does NOT deliver a child dose nor have child sized pads?

Back 81

You may use the adult pads and deliver the adult dose

Front 82

Automated External Defibrillator

What should you do if the AED displays a "No Shock Indicated" message?

Back 82

resume CPR with chest compressions - do NOT recheck the pulse

Front 83

Automated External Defibrillator

What is the current recommendation for the use of AEDs in infants less than a year old?

Back 83

Not enough evidence for or against the use of AEDs

Front 84

Automated External Defibrillator

What should you do if the victim's chest is hairy?

Back 84

press firmly on the pads, quickly pulling them off to remove excess hair if error message continues. If there is still a large amount of hair on the chest, shave using the razor in the AED carrying case

Front 85

Automated External Defibrillator

What do you do if water cover's the victim's chest?

Back 85

You must wipe down the area - water is a good conductor of electricity and can prevent the adequate shock dose to the heart.

Front 86

Automated External Defibrillator

What is the course of action for a victim with an implanted defibrillator/pacemaker?

Back 86

place the AED electrode pad at least 1 inch to the side of the implanted device; follow normal steps for operating the AED

Front 87

Automated External Defibrillator

Why should you not place AED electrodes directly on top of a medication patch?

Back 87

may cause small burns to the skin because the patch interferes with proper delivery of electricity

Front 88

CPR for infants

What is the infant BLS sequence?

Back 88

Airway
Breathing
Circulation

Front 89

CPR for infants

Where should you place an infant to perform CPR?

Back 89

on a firm, flat surface

Front 90

CPR for infants

What is the technique for chest compressions of an infant?

Back 90

2 finger chest compressions given at a rate of about 100 compressions per minute

Front 91

CPR for infants

How far should you push an infant's breastbone down to perform chest compressions?

Back 91

about 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest

Front 92

CPR for infants

What is the most common structure causing airway obstruction in an unresponsive child or infant?

Back 92

the tongue

Front 93

CPR for infants

True/False

Mouth-to-mouth-and-nose is the preferred method for giving breaths to infants?

Back 93

TRUE

Front 94

CPR for infants

For a lone rescuer, at what point do you activate the emergency response system?

Back 94

After performing 5 cycles of CPR

Front 95

CPR for infants

Where is the pulse taken in infants?

Back 95

brachial artery

Front 96

CPR for infants

What is the proper technique for locating a brachial pulse?

Back 96

place 2 or 3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, between the elbow and shoulder.

Front 97

CPR for infants

Describe the proper fit of the mask used in the bag-mask technique for rescue breathing.

Back 97

mask must be able to cover the victim's mouth and nose completely without covering the eyes or overlapping the chin.

Front 98

CPR for infants

What increment should breaths be given in for rescue breathing in infants and children?

Back 98

1 second breath every 3-5 seconds

Front 99

CPR for infants

Describe the 2 Thumb-encircling hands technique.

Back 99

encircle the infant's chest and support the infant's back with the fingers of both hands, using the 2 thumbs to depress the breastbone approximately 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the infant's chest

Front 100

CPR for infants

What is the compression/breath ratio for 2 rescuers?

Back 100

15:2

Front 101

Relief of Choking

The public should use what to indicate the need for help when choking?

Back 101

the universal choking sign

Front 102

Relief of Choking

What should be performed in place of abdominal thrusts if a victim is pregnant or obese?

Back 102

Chest thrusts

Front 103

Relief of Choking

Are there any risks associated with abdominal thrusts?

Back 103

yes, for example damage to internal organs. A victim who has received abdominal thrusts should be examined by a healthcare provider.

Front 104

Relief of Choking

In the sequence of actions after relief of choking, what should you do if there is no pulse or breathing?

Back 104

perform chest compressions and attach the AED

Front 105

Relief of Choking

In the sequence of actions after relief of choking, what should you do if a pulse is present but the victim is not breathing?

Back 105

continue rescue breathing and check for pulse every 2 minutes

Front 106

Relief of Choking

In the sequence of actions after relief of choking, what should you do if a pulse is present and the victim is breathing?

Back 106

place the victim in the recovery position and continue monitoring until EMS arrives

Front 107

Relief of Choking

What should you do if you find a responsive choking victim lying down?

Back 107

perform the abdominal thrusts with the victim lying down

Front 108

Relief of Choking

Mild or Severe Obstruction?
**Good air exchange**

Back 108

Mild

Front 109

Relief of Choking

Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction?
**Responsive and can cough forcefully**

Back 109

Mild

Front 110

Relief of Choking

Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction?
**May wheeze between coughs**

Back 110

Mild

Front 111

Relief of Choking

Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction?
**poor or no air exchange**

Back 111

Severe

Front 112

Relief of Choking

Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction?
**Weak, ineffective cough or no cough at all**

Back 112

Severe

Front 113

Relief of Choking

Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction?
**High-pitched noise while inhaling or no noise at all**

Back 113

Severe

Front 114

Relief of Choking

Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction?
**Increased respiratory difficulty**

Back 114

Severe

Front 115

Relief of Choking

Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction?
**Possible cyanosis**

Back 115

Severe

Front 116

Relief of Choking

Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction?
**unable to cry**

Back 116

Severe

Front 117

Relief of Choking

Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction?
**Unable to move air**

Back 117

Severe

Front 118

Relief of Choking

Clearing an object for an infant's airway requires a combination of _____ _____ and chest thrusts.

Back 118

Back slaps

Front 119

Relief of Choking

What is the sequence of back slaps and chest thrusts to relieve choking in a responsive infant?

Back 119

deliver up to 5 back slaps, and then provide up to 5 quick downward chest thrusts

Front 120

Relief of Choking

Where should the hand be placed when performing chest thrusts on an infant?

Back 120

the same location as chest compressions

Front 121

Relief of Choking

What should you do if an infant becomes unresponsive?

Back 121

You will begin CPR

Front 122

Special Considerations

What is the purpose of applying cricoid pressure, or Sellick's technique?

Back 122

helps prevent gastric inflation during positive-pressure ventilation of unresponsive victims

Front 123

Special Considerations

If you suspect a cervical spine injury, you should open the airway using what technique?

Back 123

jaw thrust

Front 124

Special Considerations

Describe the recovery position.

Back 124

victim on side, positioned to maintain an open airway