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93 Cards in this Set
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Pathogen |
A pathogen is any agent that cause disease |
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Bloodborne pathogens |
Disease causing microorganism (virus,bacteria,or parasites) carried in human blood |
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Common bloodborne pathogen include |
Hepatitis b Hepatitis c Hiv |
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Airborne pathogens |
Disease causing agents that spread infection through droplets or dust |
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Chain of transmission |
Organism Reservoir Portal of exit Transmission Portal of entry Vulnerable hosts |
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OSHA stands for |
Occupational safety and health administration |
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OSHA duties |
Regulations issued to protect employees of certain jobs from bloodborne pathogens. |
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Engineering controls |
Controls/products protective barriers designed to create a safer working environment Ex. Needless systems Sharps containers Eye stations |
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OSHA training |
Educate employees regarding bloodborne pathogens issues and how to minimize or eliminate exposure to bloodborne pathogens by using a combo of standard precaution , PPE, work practice controls and engineering controls |
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OSHA training |
Educate employees regarding bloodborne pathogens issues and how to minimize or eliminate exposure to bloodborne pathogens by using a combo of standard precaution , PPE, work practice controls and engineering controls |
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OSHA training time period |
Training is initiated upon hire and must be done within the first year of employment Must be updated yearly and when new standards are implemented |
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Osha expectations |
Minimize or eliminate the hazard posed by exposure Prevent infection by immunization Knowledge of symptoms of infection Counseling after exposure incident Post exposure treatments and followup |
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Who needs Osha training |
Anyone who has the potential for exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials |
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OPIMs stand for |
Other potentially infectious materials |
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Route of transmission |
Contact Droplet Food Air Vector |
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Admin controls |
Providing vaccinations and prompting infection prevention and control training programs |
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Engineering controls |
Needless devices, plastic capillary tubes |
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Work practice controls |
Hand hygiene No needle recapping |
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Engineering controls |
Hand washing stations Eye wash stations Sharps container Biohazard labels Needless devices and self sheathing needles |
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Contaminated sharps definition |
Any contaminated object that can penetrate skin, including but not limited to needles,scalpers,broken capillary tubes, exposed ends of dental wires |
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Contaminated needles sharps |
Must not be bent recapped or removed |
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Reusable sharps |
Must be placed in clearly labeled puncture resistant, leakproof containers immediately after use Must be decontaminated before reuse |
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Sharps container must meet the following standard |
Must have a warning label affixed to it Must be closeable Puncture resistant Leak proof on sides and bottom Color coded |
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Sharp containers |
Duct tape may be used to secure a lid Sharps container must be maintained in upright position and not be overfilled Once items in the sharps container don't attempt to remove it |
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Transmission of pathogens occurs |
When blood or other potentially infected materials come in contact with mucous membranes or non intact skin |
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Transmission of pathogens may be transmitted |
By blood splashes, handling contaminated items and injection by a contaminated needle |
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Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette |
Helps to minimize the transmission of aerosol transmissible pathogens |
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Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette to minimize transmission includes |
Covering mouth or nose during coughing and sneezing using tissues or masks to contain secretions Disposing of tissues/masks contaminated with secretions properly Hand hygiene Ensuring spatial separation of at least 3 feet from others while coughing |
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Term work area |
Area in which u work involving exposure or potential exposure to blood or bodily fluids along with the contamination of surfaces |
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Clean work surfaces |
I.e nurse station Don't bring fluids or specimens near No eating or drinking |
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Standard precautions |
Aggressive approach to infection control Apply to all patients regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status Treats all bodily substances as if they contain pathogens |
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Standard precautions recommend |
Hand hygiene Respiratory hygiene Cough etiquette Safe injection practices Use of PPE |
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Hand hygiene applies to the following |
Hand washing with plain soap and water Antiseptic hand wash Antiseptic hand wash Surgical hand antiseptic |
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Substances requiring standard precaution |
Blood Saliva Mucous Sweat S err men Vaginal secretions Fluids |
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Transmission based precautions |
Provide additional precautions beyond standard precautions to interrupt the transmission of pathogens |
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Contact precaution |
Used to protect and prevent the spread of infection Protect from infections spread by skin to skin contact or contact with other surfaces Ex. MRSA CDIFF VRE |
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Droplet precautions |
Used for infections caused by large droplets They can spread by coughing talking or sneezing Ex.influenza(flu) German measles Pneumonia Meningitis |
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Airborne precautions |
Used for infections that spread small particles in the air Chicken pox TB SARS |
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Reporting |
Of exposure to blood borne or OPIM occurs the incident must be documented |
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Reporting Info should include |
Name Job Classification Location of incident Engineering controls Procedure being done Protective equipment Training |
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Hepatitis |
Inflammation of the liver caused by drugs poisons toxins or bloodborne pathogens |
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Viral hepatitis |
Leading cause of liver cancer and transplants in US |
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Hepatitis B |
Decline since the hep b vaccine 1.4 million chronically infected |
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Ppl at higher risk for hep b are |
Infants of mother s with HBV Those who engage in risky behavior drugs sharing needles Preexisting health condition Healthcare workers |
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Hep b clinical features |
Symptoms 4-6 weeks Jaundice Fatigue Abdomen pain Loss of appetite Intermittent nausea Vomiting Fever Joint pain Grey colored stools |
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Hep b incubation period |
From time of exposure averages 12 weeks with a range of 4 weeks to 6 months |
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Hep b vaccine |
No cure vaccination is the best option Immunization is required for all healthcare workers |
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Hbv Injection vaccine |
Series of 3 injections First injection Second injection one month later Third injection 5 month after the second one |
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Hep b treatment |
Supportive care Chronic hep b -liver transplant-treatment option |
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Hep c |
Most common chronic bloodborne infection in U.S. Transmitted through large or repeated direct percutaneous exposure to blood |
How transmitted |
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Hep c vaccine ? |
No vaccine for hep c |
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Hep c prevention |
Directed towards the use of engineering and work practice controls and PPE |
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Hep c clinical features |
70% are asymptomatic Symptoms include: Jaundice Fatigue Abdominal pain Loss of appetite Intermittent nausea Vomiting. |
Symptoms |
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Hep c time frames |
Incubation pd 7 weeks Chronic infection is common Affecting 85% Chronic liver disease may occur 8k deaths occur each yr |
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Hep c treatment |
Best addressed through supportive care Antiviral meds may benefit in the early stages of the disease and may be used for chronic infection If liver damage -liver transplant treatment option |
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HIV stands for |
Human immunodeficiency virus |
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Hiv condition |
The body is unable to fight off infection or destroy mutated cells The body is vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancer |
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Hiv, ppl at higher risk include |
Infants whose mothers with hiv Risky behavior- drug abuse and unprotected sexual conditions Preexisting health conditions Exposure to Hiv |
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Hiv clinical features |
Night sweats Weight loss Fever fatigue Gland pain Swelling Muscle pain Joint pain |
Symptoms |
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Hiv post exposure |
Testing done asap and lasts for 6 months Antibodies detectable within 3 months of infection 99.7% of exposure DON'T LEAD TO INFECTION treatment with antiviral med plus a protease inhibitor is recommended within hours of expose |
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Hiv prevention |
No vaccine Standard precautions Protective barriers |
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Airborne pathogens transmission |
Can be transmitted by droplet or airborne routes Occurs when droplet particles from an infected person enter a susceptible host |
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Flu droplet precautions |
Effects the respiratory system Epidemics occur late fall to spring Rates of flu higher in children And adults 65+ |
Effects the Occurs when? Age it effects |
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Flu droplets |
Flu transmitted through droplets or dust Direct transmission through large droplets Small droplets float in air Sneezing transmits disease |
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Flu time frame |
Incubation 1-3 days Only immune if vaccinated Effectiveness depends on age disease and immune status |
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Flu symptoms |
Fever Malaise-tired Muscle aches Body aches Sore throat Runny nose Cough Diarrhea Eye infection Pneumonia Respiratory disease |
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Post exposure treatment |
Antiviral meds- admin within 48 hours Proper hand washing Standard droplet precaution |
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Viral cultures |
Viral cultures collected yearly these cultures provide info abt flu strains Info used to guide formulation for next yr vaccine |
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Swine flu |
H1N1 Origin from pig Under co troll due to preventive measures |
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Again flu |
H5N1 Origin birds Transmitted to humans Symptoms similar to seasonal flu Prevention includes avoiding contact with poultry and other affected birds |
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TB STANDS FOR |
Tuberculosis |
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TB occurs |
85% in the lungs 15% in central nervous system, kidneys, lymph nodes and skeletal system |
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TB if . Untreated |
Often fatal |
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Measles |
Acute Highly contagious viral disease |
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Measles symptoms |
Rash Fever Respiratory like symptoms |
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Measles transmitted by |
Respiratory route |
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Measles timeframe |
can remain active a d contagious for up to 2 hrs on formites(objects,equipment). |
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Meningitis is |
Inflammation which cover the brain and spinal cord |
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Meningitis caused by |
A virus or bacterium |
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Mumps |
Acute Highly contagious viral disease |
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Mumps characterization |
Headache Fever Swelling of the salivary glands |
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Mumps is spread |
Through droplets and saliva expelled from nose mouth throat of infected person |
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Mumps secretes |
In urine Can be more of transmission |
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Pertussis or |
Whooping cough |
Known as |
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Pertussis what type of infection? |
Airbone bacterial infection |
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Pertussis affects who? |
Children 6 yrs or less |
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Pertussis symptoms |
Fever Whoop sound after coughing attacks |
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Rubella is what type of infection? |
Acute highly contagious viral disease |
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Rubella symptoms |
Fever Rash |
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How is rubella spread |
Airbone and droplet transmission from respiratory secretions she'd by infected person |
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TB is . What type of infection |
Chronic bacterial disease |
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TB affects what area in body |
Lungs mainly Brain Kidney |
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TB is caused by |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Bacteria name |
