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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How blood enters and exits the heart via...? |
leaves from pulmonary artery
returns via pulmonary vein |
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Returns to heart in what part of heart |
left atrium |
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arteries |
carry blood away from heart |
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arterioles |
smallest arteries |
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capillaries |
most numerous - exchange |
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veins |
return blood to the heart |
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layers of blood vessels |
tunica intima tunica media tunica adventitia |
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tunica intima |
inner, smooth |
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tunica media |
-middle -elastic tissue and smooth muscle |
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tunica adventitia |
outer, connective tissue, tough |
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arteriosclerosis |
hardening of the arteries |
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what do arteries do? |
conductance vessels |
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what do arterioles do? |
resistance vessels - smooth muscle |
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what do capillaries do? |
exchange vessels - walls thing |
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what do veins and venules do? |
capacitance vessels |
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veins and venules |
store blood, contain valves to prevent backflow |
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what happens when blood vessels dilate? |
relax, b/p lowers |
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what happens when blood vessels constrict? |
b/p raises |
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whats the largest artery? |
aorta |
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aorta |
path it follows as it courses through the body
-ascending -arch -descending-goes through diaphragm |
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location of aorta in body cavities |
thoracic, abdominal |
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where does the aorta originate, pertaining to the heart? |
left ventricle, curves in an arch |
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ascending aorta |
left and right coronary arteries - supplies the heart |
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aortic arch |
brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian arery |
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branches of the aorta in the thoracic: |
intercostal - ribs other arteries |
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branches of the aorta in the abdominal: |
celiac trunk - gastric, spleen, liver mesenteric arteries - intestines renal arteries - kidneys common iliacs - split, flow to femoral artery |
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major arteries of the lower extremities |
- external iliac - femoral - upper leg - popliteal - behind knee - anterior and posterior tibial - ankle - dorsalis pedis - foot |
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major veins of the systemic circulation |
Largest Veins:
-superior vena cava (SVC) - drains head, shoulders, upper extremities
- inferior vena cava (IVC) - drains all regions below diaphragm |
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veins that drain into the superior vena cava |
basilic and cephalic brachial axillary subclavian brachiocephalic jugulars tibial, peroneal popliteal femoral, saphenous external iliac common liac renal hepatic |
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jugulars |
drain the brain |
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where do blood draws occur |
median cubital |
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tibial, peroneal |
foot |
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saphenous |
longest vein begins in the foot, merges with femoral |
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hepatic |
liver |
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carotid arteries |
right and left common carotid external and internal carotid |
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vertebral arteries |
right and left verteral |
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circle of willies |
found in base of brain, has lots of arteries |
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what vein drains the brain? |
jugular veins vertebral veins subclavian veins |
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portal vein |
carries unoxygenated blood from organs of digestion to the liver |
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carries blood from liver to IVC |
hepatic vein |
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carries oxygenated blood to liver |
hepatic artery |
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umbilical vein |
oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus |
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ductus venosus |
bypasses fetal liver to deliver blood to IVC |
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two umbilical arteries |
bring blood from fetus to placenta |
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Body sends low oxygen blood to |
superior vena cava and inferior vena cava |
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superior vena cava and inferior vena cava empty into -> |
right atrium |
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right atrium -> (valve) |
tricuspid valve |
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tricuspid valve -> |
right ventricle |
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right ventricle -> (valve) |
pulmonic valve |
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pulmonic valve -> (blood vessel) |
pulmonary artery |
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pulmonary artery -> |
low oxygen to the lungs |
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lungs -> (blood vessel) |
pulmonary vein |
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pulmonary vein empties into -> |
left atrium |
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left atrium -> (valve) |
mitral valve |
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mitral valve -> |
left ventricle |
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left ventricle -> (valve) |
aortic valve |
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aortic valve -> (blood vessel) |
aorta |
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aorta -> |
high oxygenated blood to the body |
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blood carried to the body is called what circulation? |
systemic circulation |
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blood carried to the lungs is what circulation? |
pulmonary capillaries |
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diverts from normal pathway from the heart |
shunts |
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Sinoatrial node |
(SA node) also called the pacemaker, sends electrical signal to heart to contract to the AV node |
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atrioventricular node |
(AV node) slows down allow to fill with blood |
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Bundle of His |
junction that branches into the purkinje fibers |
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purkinje fibers |
speed up impulses to contract ventricals |
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apex |
lower, pointed end of heart |
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base |
upper, flattened |
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layers of heart |
1. endocardium 2. myocardium 3. epicardium |
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endocardium |
inner smooth, valves |
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myocardium |
middle, muscle |
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epicardium |
outer |
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pericardium |
slings that holds your heart |
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myocardium contains: |
actin, myosin and intercalated disc |
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chordae tendineae |
cusps attached to venricular walls and valves |
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valves prevent.... |
prevent backflow of blood into atrium |
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semilunar valves |
- pulmonic valve, aortic valve - exit valves - open due to pressure - heart sounds are closing of the valves |
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coronary artery |
blood supply to the myocardium |
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ischemia |
diminished blood flow and oxygen deprivation to the coronary arteries, causing angina |
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myocardial infarction |
MI; heart attack |
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dysrhythmic |
when heart rhythm is disturbed |
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P-wave |
impulses depolarizing in atria
atrium depolarizing |
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QRS complex |
impulse depolariaing in ventricles
Ventricle depolarizing |
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T-wave |
impulse repolarizing in ventricles
rest |
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systole |
contraction |
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diastole |
relaxation |
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sympathetic |
fight or flight
increases SA node activity and heart rate, increases speed of cardiac impulse, increases force of myocardial contraction |
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parasympathetic |
feed or breed, slow down, vagus nerve, bradycardia
decreases SA node activity and heart rate, decreases speed of cardiac impulse from SA to AV node, no effect on strength of contraction |
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cardiac output |
amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute (mL/min)
CO = heart rate x stroke volume |
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heart rate |
number of times the heart beats each minute caused by SA node's firing |
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stroke volume |
amount of blood pumped by the ventricle per beat (hard to measure) |
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starlings law of the heart |
changes in the force of contraction by stretching the myocardium |
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inotropic effect |
changes the force of contraction without stretching the myocardium |
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ejection fraction |
percentage of blood volume in the ventricle that is pumped by the heart |
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normal ejection fraction = |
67%
exercise can increase ejection fraction heart failure decreases ejection fraction |
