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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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clinical definition of HTN
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systolic > 140
and/or diastolic > 90 |
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2 main things that determine pressure
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CO and inc'd PVR
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t/f: catecholamines and Ang II decrease PVR
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F, inc
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% of primary HTN cases
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95%
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mnemonic for the secondary HTN's
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Renal --> most common 2ndary
Endocrine Neurologic Aortic Labile |
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complication mnemonic for HTN
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Heart hypertrophy
Eye changes (retinopathy) Aortic Dissection/Aneurysm Renal Disease Thalamic Hemorrhage (strokes) |
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what direct effect does renal artery stenosis cause
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renal hypoperfusion
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some examples of 2ndary labile HTN
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psycogenic
stress post-op |
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Genetic d/o's causing inc mineralocorticoids ==> HTN
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GRA
11B hydroxylase deficiency 17a hydroxylase deficiency |
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inc'd mineralocorticoid receptor activity is weird side effect of what candy
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licorice
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which type of HTN (chronic/malignant) affects ALL arteries and arterioles
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chronic
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chronic HTN AKA
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benign HTN
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chronic htn causes hyaline changes in ______
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arterioles
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chronic htn causes thickening of the media d/t inc'd amts of collagen, elastic tissue, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts where (arteries or arterioles)
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muscular arteries
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malignant htn causes what type of changes
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hyperplastic arteriolar accompanied by fibrinoid necrosis
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"onion skinning" is assoc. w/ which type of htn
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malignant
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acute/severe elevations of BP cause what?
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hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
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htn is the most important risk factor for IHD over what age
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45
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atherosclerotic aneurysms mostly found in which part of the aorta
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abdominal
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cirsoid aneurysms are caused by?
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atherosclerosis of splenic artery
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berry aneurysms related to defect in muscle layer of
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cerebral arteries
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syphilitic aneurysms usually occur in the _____ aorta
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thoracic
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false aneurysms most often assoc. w/
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post MI (ventricular TI)
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definition of true aneurysm
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affects entire wall of artery
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initial dilation of aneurysm is usually saccular or fusiform
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fusiform
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which is more often assoc. w/ aneurysm complication salmonella or staph
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salmonella then staph
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t/f clinical presentation of AA can be Asx w/ only prominent abdominal aortic pulsations
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t
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aneurysm risk of rupture related to size:
<4cm = ? 4-5cm = ? 5-6cm = ? >6cm = ? |
no risk
1% 11% 25% |
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what size aneurysm is surg indicated in
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>5cm
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t/f aortoenteric fistulas are not a late complication of reconstructive aortic surg
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f, they are
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better prognosis: thoracic or abdominal
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abdominal
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arteriosclerotic aneurysms of ateries in extremities are rare except in what 2 LE arteries
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popliteal and femoral
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7 factors assoc. w/ dissecting aneurysms
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1. htn
2. marfan's 3. pregnancy 4. bicuspid aortic valve 5. trauma 6. atherosclerosis 7. inflammatory injuries |
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dissection usually begins w/ a _____ _____ tear assoc. w/ an intimal plaque located in the _____ or _____
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transverse intimal
ascending aorta or upper descending thoracic aorta near subclavian artery |
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atherosclerosis _____
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SUCKS!!!!
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t/f dissection usually involves just a portion of the aorta as it progresses distally
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f, entire circumference of aorta
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what is arterial dilation most likely initiated by
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loss of elasticity of recoil strength in arterial wall
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what is usually found in the sacculation
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laminated clot
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type I aortic dissection location
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ascending aorta extending beyond
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type II aortic dissection location
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ascending aorta only
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type IIIA aortic dissection location
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begins in descending aorta but stops above diaphragm
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type IIIB aortic dissection location
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begins in descending aorta and extends below diaphragm
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dissecting aneurysms also classed according as? (3)
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subacute, acute, chronic
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varicosities usually involved in what venous system
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saphenous
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what other veins are affected?
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perianal and pampiniform plexus
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primary cause of varicose veins
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inherent weakness in vessel wall (43% FHx)
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2ndary cause of varicose veins? (2)
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xs back pressure
weakening of wall by inflammation (vasculitis) |
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6 things that predispose you to venous thrombosis
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1. cardiac failure
2. neoplasia 3. pregnancy or post partum 4. obesity 5. prolonged stasis 6. hypercoag states (factor V leiden) |
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what website did he get his facts about DVT and air travel?
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continental
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90% of DVT's come from where
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deep veins of LE's
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what vein is the usual suspect in DVT's?
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popliteal
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DVT can present clinically by (3)
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local LE pain
tenderness erythema at DVT site |
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migratory thrombophlebitis assoc. w/ pancreas, colon, lung CA AKA
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trousseau
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phlegmasia alba dolens AKA ____ occurs in ____ vein during what conditions _(3)__
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milk leg
iliofemoral 3rd trimester, postpartum, or pelvic surg |
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Vena Caval obstruction (VCO) is DVT variant caused by external occlusion usually in the ____ vena cava
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external occlusion (tumors, aneurysms)
superior |
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VCO caused by internal obstruction more commonly found in the _____ vena cava from the _____ and ____ veins
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inferior
lower limbs and renal |
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cystic hygroma(turner's syndrome), lung lymphedema, or cystic lymphangectasis and familial milroy's dz are what?
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congenital conditions causing lymphatic obstruction
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acquired obstructive lymphadema caused by (6)
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1. lymphangitis
2. parasites 3. metastasis 4. irradiation 5. trauma 6. surg |
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extreme LE lymphadema refered to as
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elephantiasis
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