Blood - Exam 1 Review

Front 1

Hematopoiesis

Back 1

blood cell production

Front 2

erythropoiesis

Back 2

process where new rbc are produced

Front 3

embolus

Back 3

traveling clot

Front 4

Thrombus

Back 4

A clot

Front 5

Hypoxia

Back 5

Too few RBC

Front 6

Erythrocytosis

Back 6

Overabundance of RBC because of increased blood viscosity

Front 7

Thalassemias

Back 7

Makes RBC more fragile; decrease synthesis

Front 8

Sickle Cell Anemia

Back 8

Hemoglobin can't bind to Oxygen as well; RBC= sticky, pointed

Front 9

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Back 9

Decreased amount of hemoglobin

Front 10

Hematocrit

Back 10

Estimate RBC percentage; may indicate anemia and polycythemia

Front 11

Components found in blood

Back 11

Erythrocytes (RBC)

Plasma

Leukocytes (WBC)

Neutrophils, Lympocytes, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil

Front 12

What is a hemocytoblast?

Back 12

Stem cell- gives rise to ALL formed elements

Front 13

General characteristics of RBC

Back 13

biconcave discs, anucleate, essentially no organelles

Front 14

2 parts of a basic Hemoglobin molecule-

Back 14

Heme and Globin

Front 15

Which part of a hemoglobin molecule is associated with iron?

Back 15

Heme

Front 16

In hemoglobin, which gases are associated with each part?

Back 16

Heme - oxygen

Globin - carbon dioxide

Front 17

What is the function of carbonic anyhydrase?

Back 17

Reversely catalyzes conversion of CO2 and water to carbonic acid

Front 18

What are reticulocytes?

Back 18

immature RBC

Front 19

What is erythropoietin, where is it produced, and what effect does it have on red blood cell formation?

Back 19

It stimulates bone marrow to produce more RBC; Produced in the kidneys; Increase of erythropoietin = Increase # of RBC

Front 20

What are antigens and antibodies?

Back 20

Antigens= protein markers

Antibodies= look for what doesn't belong

Front 21

Universal Donor

Back 21

O-

Front 22

Universal Recipient

Back 22

AB-

Front 23

Why is a person with type O blood considered to be a universal donor?

Back 23

They can give blood to all blood types

Front 24

What Rh blood types must the mother and the fetus have before HDN can occur?

Back 24

Mother = Rh+

Fetus = Rh-

Front 25

Why doesn't HDN usually develop in the first pregnancy?

Back 25

There isn't enough time for a mother to produced enough rH to harm the fetus

Front 26

How can Rh be prevented?

Back 26

Rh- mother can be given an injection

Front 27

Name the 2 WBC that function primarily as phagocytic cells:

Back 27

Eosinophils, Monocytes

Front 28

Which cell promotes inflammation?

Back 28

Monocytes

Front 29

B Cells and T Cells are examples of which types of WBC

Back 29

Lymphocyte

Front 30

How do T Cells and B Cells protect against infection?

Back 30

T: protect against virus; attack and destroy infected cells

B: stimulated by bacteria/toxins; give rise to all plasma cells

Front 31

What is a platelet?

Back 31

Minute cell fragments

Front 32

How are platelets formed/

Back 32

Red bone marrow from megakaryocytes

Front 33

What are the 2 major roles of platelets in preventing blood loss?

Back 33

Platelet plus and clots

Front 34

What is the function of the platelet plug?

Back 34

Seal small BV breaks

Front 35

What is a blood clot and what is it's function?

Back 35

Network of small protein fibers

Front 36

Where are most blood clotting factors formerd?

Back 36

Liver

Front 37

What is fibrinolysis?

Back 37

Dissolving a clot

Front 38

Aplastic Anemia

Back 38

Bone marrow

Front 39

Hemorragic Anemia

Back 39

Loss of blood

Front 40

Hemolytic Anemia

Back 40

RBC ruptured/destroyed

Front 41

Thalassmias Anemia

Back 41

Fragile RBC

Front 42

Pernicious Anemia

Back 42

Decreased Vitamin B12

Front 43

Leukopenia

Back 43

Decreased number of WBC

Front 44

Leukocytosis

Back 44

Increased number of WBC; mostly infectious diseases

Front 45

Leukemias

Back 45

Increased number of WBC due to cancer