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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most common cause of DIC
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sepsis, promyelocytic leukemia
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Potential complications of DIC
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Renal failure, Gangrene, PE, ALOC, ARDS, Stroke
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Bleeding characterized by low platelet and fibrinogen levels, prolonged PT PTT and thrombin time and elevated fibrin degradation products (D-dimers)
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DIC
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Characterized by massive amounts of microthrombi with bleeding
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DIC
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Most common form of anemia
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IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
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Anemia with a sore tongue (GLOSSITIS)
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IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
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Involves admin of z-track injection of iron
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IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
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Megaloblastic anemia with pallor due to lack of folic acid
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FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
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Lack of intrinsic factor
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PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
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Bone marrow depressed due to drugs or fever with bleeding from mucous membranes
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APLASTIC
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Thalassemia, G6PD, sickle cell
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HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS
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Antibodies make the platelets susceptible to phagocytosis
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ITP
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Increased Hgb levels with purple red complexion
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POLYCYTHEMIA VERA
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Integumentary changes to anemia
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PALLOR JAUNDICE AND PRURITIS
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Cardio changes to anemia
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increased HR AND STROKE VOLUME, ANGINA AND MI
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RBC indices
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MCV, RDW
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Nsg Dx to anemia
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Acivity intolerance, ImBALANCED NUTRITION LESS THAN BODY REQUIREMENTS
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Patient teaching to anemia PTs
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NUTRITIONAL INTAKE, DRUG THERAPY COMPLIANCE
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Diagnosis iron deficiency anemia
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GUIAC TEST, ENDOSCOPY, COLONOSCOPY, LABS ret count, TIBC
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A genetic disorder of inadequate production of normal HgB
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THALASSEMIA
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T or F with hemolytic anemia platelet is normal to high
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true
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With this anemia Body adapts to decreased HgB
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THALASSEMIA MINOR
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With this anemia Blood transfusions are combined with desferal
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THALASSEMIA MAJOR
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Characterized by large RBCs with impaired DNA synthesis
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MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
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Protein secreted by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa
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INTRINSIC FACTOR
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Is required for cobalamin absorption in the small intestine
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INTRINSIC FACTOR
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Decreased vibratory and position senses, ataxia, weakness, paresthesias, ALOC
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COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY
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Is diagnosed by means of the schilling test
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COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY
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Treatment is parenteral (injections) admin of cobalamin injections
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COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY
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Causes of Folic acid deficiency
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POOR DIET, MALABSORPTION, DRUGS, DIALYSIS, ETOH
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Megaloblastic anemia with no neuro deficits
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FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY
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Anemias of chronic disease
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ESRD, LIVER DISEASE, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, TUMORS, DM
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Anemia that’s either congenital or idiopathic
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APLASTIC
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Normocytic normochromic anemia
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APLASTIC
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Destruction or hemolysis of RBCs at a rate that exceeds production
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HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
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Third major cause of anemia
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HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
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s/s of hemolytic anemia
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JAUNDICE, SPLENOMEGALY, HEPTOMEGALY, TUBULAR NECROSIS
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A genetic disorder with presence of Hbs causing RBC to stiffen and elongate
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SICKLE CELL DISEASE
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Primary s/s of sickle cell crisis
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PAIN AND SWELLING, PALLOR, FATIGUE
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Complications of sickle cell disease
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ACUTE SPLENIC SEQUESTRATION CRISIS, STROKE, ACUTE CHEST SYNDROME, PRIAPISM, IRON OVERLOAD DUE TO TRANSFUSIONS
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Dx of sickle cell
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SMEARS, SICKLING TEST, ELECTROPHORESIS OF HGB, DNA, XRAY, MRI
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Patient teaching for sickle cell
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AVOID HIGH ALTITUDES, FLUID INTAKE, TREAT INFECTIONS AND PAIN
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Care of sickle cell
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O2 ADMIN, PAIN MGMT, FOLIC ACID, TRANSFUSIONS, HYROXYUREA, BMT
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Bleeding disorder by lack of clotting factor VIII or factor IX
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HEMOPHILIA
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What to check before transfusion
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ID, CONSENT, PROCEDURE, VS, ORDER, TRIPLE CHECK
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When picking up blood …
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MATCH PT WITH BLOOD, EXPIRY DATE, 2nd RN verify, SIGN SLIP, ORDERS
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When prepping for transfusing…
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STERILE TECHNIQUE, 18/20 G IV CATH, Y-TUBING C NS, VITALS
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To start transfusion..
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check PT ID, FLUSH IV, HANG AND CHECK FILTER, TITRATE SLOW, VITALS
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After transfusion….
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VITALS, FLUSH, ASSESSMENT, OBTAIN LABS,"", DOCUMENT
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Two major components of blood
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plasma 55% , cells 45%
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Types of leukocytes
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granulocytes and agranulocytes
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Types of granulocytes
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EOSINOPHILS, BASOPHILS, NEUTROPHILS
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Types of agranulocytes
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LYMPHOCYTE AND MONOCYTE
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Most common form of leukocyte with phagocytic function
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NEUTROPHIL
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How do you know if neutrophil is mature
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PRESENCE OF SEGMENTED NUCLEUS (seg)
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How do you know if neutrophil is immature
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PRESENCE OF BANDS IN NUCLEUS
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Life span of neutrophils
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3days
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Defends against parasite, contains histamine
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EOSINOPHILS
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Does phagocytosis with histamine, serotonin and heparin
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BASOPHILS
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Combats viral infections
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LYMPHOCYTES
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Phagocytize and become macrophages
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MONOCYTES
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How much seniors have anemia; how much in senior homes?
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2% 40%
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Life span of platelets
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5-9 days
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Cells that release thrombocytes into circulation
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MEGAKARYOCYTES from bone marrow
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Four components of normal hemostasis
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VASCULAR RESPONSE, REFORMATION of PLATELET, DEVELOPMENT OF CLOTTING, LYSIS OF CLOT
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Able to produce RBC during fetal dev’t; next to kidney
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SPLEEN
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Removes old RBCs, removes HgB, filters bacteria, stores immunoglobulins, RBCs
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SPLEEN
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Site of BM aspiration
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POSTERIOR ILIAC CREST
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What happens during transfusion rxn?
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Blood hemolysis, AGGLUTINATION AND CLUMPING
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Universal recipient
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ab
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Origin of T-Cells
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thymus
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What’s deficient in Renal Dialysis PTs?
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ERYTHROPOEITIN
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Chronic, microcytic, hypochromic anemia, may be asymptomatic
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IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
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Decrease in myeloid stem cells
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PANCYTOPENIA in aplastic anemia
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What happens during a schilling test?
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Radioactive b12 is injected with oral b12
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Anemia with spherical RBCs
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HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS
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BMT offers cure before liver damage occurs
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thalassemiA
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Anemia with hypochromia and microcytosis, hemolysis
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thalassemia
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Treatment of B-thalassemia due to long term transfusion
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DESFERAL
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Treatment for acute iron toxicity
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DESFERAL
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Management of Inherited Hemolytic Anemias
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SPLENECTOMY, O2 ADMIN, BLOOD TRANSFUSION
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Common cause of sickle cell crisis pain
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occlusion OF MICROCIRCULATION
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Dx of sickle cell
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HGB ELECTROPHORESIS
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WHAT to do during iron overload?
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CHELATION
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What you call degraded HgB? (seen with G6PD anemia)
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Heinz BODIES
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Anemia caused by genetic dysfunction and RBC membrane instability
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G6PD anemia
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Decreased HGB/HCT, increased RET count, positive Coombs test, antibodies
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ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
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A proliferative disorder in which myeloid stem cells escape normal control mechanisms
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POLYCYTHEMIA
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Burning fingers and toes characterized by Polycythemia Vera
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ERYTHROMELALGIA
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Blood disorder when HCT is 60%, splenomegaly, clots, tinnitus
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POLYCYTHEMIA VERA
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Results from neutropenia or lymphopenia
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lymphocytes
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Nsg management of Neutropenia
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ID causing agent, CORTICOSTEROIDS, G-CSF, CBC, ANC
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Formula for ANC
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WBC x (% neutro + % bands) over 100
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Another term for neutrophils
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POLYS/BANDS
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What renal patients get due to lack of erythropoietin?
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EPOGEN
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When to do blood transfusions?
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When HCT is <25
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