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96 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Most common cause of DIC
sepsis, promyelocytic leukemia
Potential complications of DIC
Renal failure, Gangrene, PE, ALOC, ARDS, Stroke
Bleeding characterized by low platelet and fibrinogen levels, prolonged PT PTT and thrombin time and elevated fibrin degradation products (D-dimers)
DIC
Characterized by massive amounts of microthrombi with bleeding
DIC
Most common form of anemia
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Anemia with a sore tongue (GLOSSITIS)
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Involves admin of z-track injection of iron
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Megaloblastic anemia with pallor due to lack of folic acid
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Lack of intrinsic factor
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Bone marrow depressed due to drugs or fever with bleeding from mucous membranes
APLASTIC
Thalassemia, G6PD, sickle cell
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS
Antibodies make the platelets susceptible to phagocytosis
ITP
Increased Hgb levels with purple red complexion
POLYCYTHEMIA VERA
Integumentary changes to anemia
PALLOR JAUNDICE AND PRURITIS
Cardio changes to anemia
increased HR AND STROKE VOLUME, ANGINA AND MI
RBC indices
MCV, RDW
Nsg Dx to anemia
Acivity intolerance, ImBALANCED NUTRITION LESS THAN BODY REQUIREMENTS
Patient teaching to anemia PTs
NUTRITIONAL INTAKE, DRUG THERAPY COMPLIANCE
Diagnosis iron deficiency anemia
GUIAC TEST, ENDOSCOPY, COLONOSCOPY, LABS ret count, TIBC
A genetic disorder of inadequate production of normal HgB
THALASSEMIA
T or F with hemolytic anemia platelet is normal to high
true
With this anemia Body adapts to decreased HgB
THALASSEMIA MINOR
With this anemia Blood transfusions are combined with desferal
THALASSEMIA MAJOR
Characterized by large RBCs with impaired DNA synthesis
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
Protein secreted by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa
INTRINSIC FACTOR
Is required for cobalamin absorption in the small intestine
INTRINSIC FACTOR
Decreased vibratory and position senses, ataxia, weakness, paresthesias, ALOC
COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY
Is diagnosed by means of the schilling test
COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY
Treatment is parenteral (injections) admin of cobalamin injections
COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY
Causes of Folic acid deficiency
POOR DIET, MALABSORPTION, DRUGS, DIALYSIS, ETOH
Megaloblastic anemia with no neuro deficits
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY
Anemias of chronic disease
ESRD, LIVER DISEASE, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, TUMORS, DM
Anemia that’s either congenital or idiopathic
APLASTIC
Normocytic normochromic anemia
APLASTIC
Destruction or hemolysis of RBCs at a rate that exceeds production
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
Third major cause of anemia
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
s/s of hemolytic anemia
JAUNDICE, SPLENOMEGALY, HEPTOMEGALY, TUBULAR NECROSIS
A genetic disorder with presence of Hbs causing RBC to stiffen and elongate
SICKLE CELL DISEASE
Primary s/s of sickle cell crisis
PAIN AND SWELLING, PALLOR, FATIGUE
Complications of sickle cell disease
ACUTE SPLENIC SEQUESTRATION CRISIS, STROKE, ACUTE CHEST SYNDROME, PRIAPISM, IRON OVERLOAD DUE TO TRANSFUSIONS
Dx of sickle cell
SMEARS, SICKLING TEST, ELECTROPHORESIS OF HGB, DNA, XRAY, MRI
Patient teaching for sickle cell
AVOID HIGH ALTITUDES, FLUID INTAKE, TREAT INFECTIONS AND PAIN
Care of sickle cell
O2 ADMIN, PAIN MGMT, FOLIC ACID, TRANSFUSIONS, HYROXYUREA, BMT
Bleeding disorder by lack of clotting factor VIII or factor IX
HEMOPHILIA
What to check before transfusion
ID, CONSENT, PROCEDURE, VS, ORDER, TRIPLE CHECK
When picking up blood …
MATCH PT WITH BLOOD, EXPIRY DATE, 2nd RN verify, SIGN SLIP, ORDERS
When prepping for transfusing…
STERILE TECHNIQUE, 18/20 G IV CATH, Y-TUBING C NS, VITALS
To start transfusion..
check PT ID, FLUSH IV, HANG AND CHECK FILTER, TITRATE SLOW, VITALS
After transfusion….
VITALS, FLUSH, ASSESSMENT, OBTAIN LABS,"", DOCUMENT
Two major components of blood
plasma 55% , cells 45%
Types of leukocytes
granulocytes and agranulocytes
Types of granulocytes
EOSINOPHILS, BASOPHILS, NEUTROPHILS
Types of agranulocytes
LYMPHOCYTE AND MONOCYTE
Most common form of leukocyte with phagocytic function
NEUTROPHIL
How do you know if neutrophil is mature
PRESENCE OF SEGMENTED NUCLEUS (seg)
How do you know if neutrophil is immature
PRESENCE OF BANDS IN NUCLEUS
Life span of neutrophils
3days
Defends against parasite, contains histamine
EOSINOPHILS
Does phagocytosis with histamine, serotonin and heparin
BASOPHILS
Combats viral infections
LYMPHOCYTES
Phagocytize and become macrophages
MONOCYTES
How much seniors have anemia; how much in senior homes?
2% 40%
Life span of platelets
5-9 days
Cells that release thrombocytes into circulation
MEGAKARYOCYTES from bone marrow
Four components of normal hemostasis
VASCULAR RESPONSE, REFORMATION of PLATELET, DEVELOPMENT OF CLOTTING, LYSIS OF CLOT
Able to produce RBC during fetal dev’t; next to kidney
SPLEEN
Removes old RBCs, removes HgB, filters bacteria, stores immunoglobulins, RBCs
SPLEEN
Site of BM aspiration
POSTERIOR ILIAC CREST
What happens during transfusion rxn?
Blood hemolysis, AGGLUTINATION AND CLUMPING
Universal recipient
ab
Origin of T-Cells
thymus
What’s deficient in Renal Dialysis PTs?
ERYTHROPOEITIN
Chronic, microcytic, hypochromic anemia, may be asymptomatic
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Decrease in myeloid stem cells
PANCYTOPENIA in aplastic anemia
What happens during a schilling test?
Radioactive b12 is injected with oral b12
Anemia with spherical RBCs
HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS
BMT offers cure before liver damage occurs
thalassemiA
Anemia with hypochromia and microcytosis, hemolysis
thalassemia
Treatment of B-thalassemia due to long term transfusion
DESFERAL
Treatment for acute iron toxicity
DESFERAL
Management of Inherited Hemolytic Anemias
SPLENECTOMY, O2 ADMIN, BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Common cause of sickle cell crisis pain
occlusion OF MICROCIRCULATION
Dx of sickle cell
HGB ELECTROPHORESIS
WHAT to do during iron overload?
CHELATION
What you call degraded HgB? (seen with G6PD anemia)
Heinz BODIES
Anemia caused by genetic dysfunction and RBC membrane instability
G6PD anemia
Decreased HGB/HCT, increased RET count, positive Coombs test, antibodies
ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
A proliferative disorder in which myeloid stem cells escape normal control mechanisms
POLYCYTHEMIA
Burning fingers and toes characterized by Polycythemia Vera
ERYTHROMELALGIA
Blood disorder when HCT is 60%, splenomegaly, clots, tinnitus
POLYCYTHEMIA VERA
Results from neutropenia or lymphopenia
lymphocytes
Nsg management of Neutropenia
ID causing agent, CORTICOSTEROIDS, G-CSF, CBC, ANC
Formula for ANC
WBC x (% neutro + % bands) over 100
Another term for neutrophils
POLYS/BANDS
What renal patients get due to lack of erythropoietin?
EPOGEN
When to do blood transfusions?
When HCT is <25