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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 2 main components of blood?
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1) Liquid phase
2) Formed elements |
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What are 4 functions of blood?
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1) TRANSPORT of nutrients to tissues
2) REMOVAL of waste products 3) PROTECTION by immune response (internal insults) 4) REPAIR of damage tissues |
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Def : blood treated with anticoagulants (preventing clot formation) and centrifuged to remove cells
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Plasma
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Def : blood that is allowed to for a fibrin clot, then centrifuged to remove cells AND clot
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Serum
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How many RBC are produced per day?
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10 ^11
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What is the size of platelets?
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2-3 micrometers
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lifespan of platelets?
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10 days
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These contain alphagranules
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platelets
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What granular leukocyte
-secretes histamine -involved in inflammatory response -PAF (platelet activating factor) |
basophils
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What are the 3 major groups of plasma proteins?
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1) Albumin
2) Fibrinogen 3) Globulins (alpha, beta, and gamma) |
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What are 3 major transport plasma proteins?
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1) Albumin (many binding sites)
2) Transferrin (Fe3+) 3) Ceruloplasmin |
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Albumin accounts for ____% of plasma proteins and _____% of total liver protein production
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50/50
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Albumin functions in the transportation of _______ & _______& _________
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- long chain Fatty Acids
- sterols -bilirubin |
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What plasma protein aids in the binding and solubilization of drugs?
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Albumin
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How might a change in colloidal pressure result in edema?
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Decrease in Albumin concentration
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4 Cause for decreased Albumin concentrations in blood plasma are?
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1) Decreased synthesis
2) Abnormal distribution or dilution 3) Abnormal excretion or degradation 4) Congenital defects (rare) |
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-malabsorption, malnutrition and advanced chronic liver disease are examples of _______ of albumin
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Decreased synthesis
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Overhydration and increased capillary permeability ---> septicemia are examples of ___________ of albumin
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Abnormal Dilution and Distribution
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Nephrotic syndrome
burns hemorrhage catabolism > anabolism protein lost in GI (enteropathies) are examples of ________ of albumin |
Abnormal excretion and degradation
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Hypopalbuminemia and Analbuminemia are examples of _______ of albumin
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Rare congenital defects of
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How many molecules____ of iron does Transferrin bind and in what state of iron______?
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2
Ferrous (Fe3+) |
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Normal body saturation of ferrous iron is _____%
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30
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A marked decrease in inflammatory states may result from what?
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degradation of Fe3+-Transferrin complexes
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What is Ceruloplasmin?
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the major transporter of Copper (Cu2+)
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Increased concentrations of Ceruloplasmin reflect possible _________ and/or _________
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-active liver disease
-tissue damage |
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decreased concentrations of Ceruplasmin a possibility of _________ or __________
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-Wilson's disease
-Menke's disease |
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What is major component of an acute phase response and a marker of bacterial infection
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C-reactive Protein (CRP)
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What is the normal concentration of CRP in the blood
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<1mg/ml
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What mediates binding of foreign:
-polysaccharides -phospholipids / complex polyanions -complement activation |
CRP
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Slightly elevated levels of CRP are indicative of ________ and are correlated with an increased risk of ______
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-low-grade inflammation
-cardiovascular disease |
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What is the best predictor for cardiovascular health?
a) CRP b) LDL |
CRP
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Located in the wall of afferent arterioles at the glomerulus, JG cells are considered ______ _______ _____ cells
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specialized ; smooth muscle
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What are the 4 marker enzymes in the blood have diagnostic importance?
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1) Creatine Kinase
2) Acid Phosphatase 3) Amylase 4) Alanine Aminotransferase |
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_________ disease arise from the aberrant proliferation of a single B cell. Light chains of immunoglobulins are produced in in excess of heavy chains
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Multiple Myeloma
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Elevated serum protein levels are usually due to an increase in the Ig fraction and may indicate the presence of a __________
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paraprotein
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The complement system is also referred to as ____________ ______
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humoral response
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Many environmental endocrine disruptors are more _______ compared to endogenous steroids
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bioactive
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Bioactive pollutants that bind plasma protein are less available or active for ______ __________
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endocrine disruption; only if active for binding hormonal sites
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