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53 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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"Starry-sky" appearance (sheets of lymphocytes with interspersed marophages; jaw lesion (endemic form); pelvis or abdomen (sporadic form)
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Burkitt's lymphoma
Genetic association? |
t(8;14) --> c-myc moves next to heavy-chain Ig --> overexpression of transcription proteins
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Genetic basis of Burkitt's lymphoma
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t(8;14) --> c-myc moved next to Ig heavy chain --> overexpression of transcription proteins
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Most common adult NHL
May be mature T cell in origin 20% in children |
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
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Genetic basis of mantle cell lymphoma (B cell)
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t(11;14)
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CD5+ non-Hodgkins B cell lymphoma with poor prognosis, occurs in older males
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mantle cell lymphoma
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Genetic basis of follicular lymphoma (B cell)
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t(14;18) --> bcl2 expression
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function of bcl2 gene
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inhibits apoptosis --> follicular lymphoma
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Adults present with cutaneous lesions; especially populations in Japan, W. Africa, Caribbean
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Adult T cell lymphoma
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Cause of adult T cell lymphoma
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viral - HTLV-1
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Adults present with cutaneous patches/nodules, indolent course; T cell neoplasm
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Mycosis fungoides/ Sezary syndrome
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Hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, bone pain
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multiple myeloma
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Define M protein, Bence-Jones proteins
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Both in multiple myeloma
M protein = IgA or IgG spike on SPEP Bence-Jones = Ig light chains in urine |
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Blood smear in multiple myeloma shows...
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rouleaux formation
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IgM spike (M spike), hyperviscosity syndromes, no lytic bone lesions
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Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia
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Overexpression of ______ in myeloma leads to excess plasma cell proliferation
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FGFR3
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Leukemia of children, presents with bone marrow involvement
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ALL
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Cell markers in ALL
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Tdt+, CALLA+
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Common sites of spread of ALL
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CNS, testes
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Translocation associated with a better prognosis in ALL
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t(12;21)
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What's the difference between small lymphocytic lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
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CLL has increased peripheral blood lymphocytosis
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CD5+ mature B cells, smudge cells in peripheral blood smear, warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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SLL/CLL
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Mature B cell tumors in elderly
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mantle cell lymphoma
SLL/CLL Hairy cell leukemia |
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B cells have filamentous projections
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hairy cell leukemia
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TRAP positive (red cytoplasm)
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hairy cell leukemia
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Increased circulating myeloblasts on peripheral smear
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AML
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Auer rods
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M3 form of AML
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Treatment for M3 AML
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All-trans retinoic acid --> induces differentiation of myeloblasts into mature cells
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Genetic basis of CML
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Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22), bcr-abl
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Increased neutrophils, metamyelocytes, basophils;
splenomegaly |
CML
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What is a "blast crisis"
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When CML --> ALL/AML
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How is CML differentiated from leukemoid reaction?
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Very low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
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Treatment of CML?
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Imatinib (Gleevec) - anti-bcr-abl antibody
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Which leukemias are associated with the following ages:
<15 median 60 years 30-60 >60 |
< 15 - ALL
median 60 - AML 30-60 - CML > 60 - CLL |
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Proliferation of myeloid stem cells
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CML
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Proliferation of lymphoblasts
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ALL
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Proliferation of lymphocytes
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CLL
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Proliferation of myeloblasts
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AML
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Increased WBC count with many stab/band cells, increased leukocyte alkaline phosphatas
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leukemoid reaction (left shift)
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peroxidase-positive cytoplasmic inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
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Auer rods
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What complication can result from treatment of M3 (acute promyelocytic) AML?
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DIC from release of Auer rods
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t(9;22)
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CML
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t(8;14)
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c-myc activation
Burkitt's lymphoma |
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t(14;18)
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bcl2 activation
Follicular lymphoma |
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t(15;17)
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M3 type of AML
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t(11;22)
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Ewing's sarcoma
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t(11;14)
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mantle cell lymphoma
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Letterer-Siew,
Hand-Schuller-Christian, eosinophilic granulomas are all = to __________- |
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
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What are the tumor markers and EM findings associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis?
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S-100, CD1a
Birbeck granules (tennis-rackets) |
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What is the cell of origin in histiocytosis X?
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Monocyte lineage --> proliferation of Langerhans (dendritic) cells
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Increased RBCs
Increased WBCs Increased platelets JAK2 mutation positive |
polycythemia vera (hematopoeitic stem cells overly sensitive to growth factors)
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Normal RBCs
Normal WBCs Increased platelets JAK2 mutation positive possible |
Essential thrombocytosis (megakaryocytes overly sensitive to growth factor)
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Decreased RBCs
Variable WBCs Variable platelets JAK2 mutation positive possible |
Myelofibrosis (fibrotic obliteration of bone marrow)
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Decreased RBCs
Increased WBCs Increased platelets JAK2 mutation negative |
CML (Philadelphia chromosome products inhibits apoptosis of myeloid stem cells)
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