Blood Bank Chapter 3, Blaney

Front 1

How are blood group antigens grouped into systems?

Back 1

By the antibodies they elicit, by their structure and function, by the antigens they produce

Front 2

Define gene

Back 2

Unit of inheritance that determines the traits or characteristics a person has; basically, the substance that is inherited from each parent that determines hair color, eye color, height, disposition to some diseases, etc.

Front 3

Define chromosome

Back 3

Double strands of DNA that carry genetic information

Front 4

How are mitosis and meiosis different?

Back 4

Mitosis is the replication of cells other than sex cells that results in the same number of cells whereas meiosis is the replication of sex cells and produce half the number of cells

Front 5

What is a pedigree chart?

Back 5

A diagram that illustrates the inheritance patterns of traits in a family study.

Front 6

Define punnett square

Back 6

a chart used to calculate the frequencies of different genotypes and phenotypes of offspring

Front 7

Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.

Back 7

phenotype is the physical expression of inherited traits and genotype is the actual genes that where inherited.

Front 8

Mitosis

Back 8

cell division in somatic cells

Front 9

Meiosis

Back 9

cell division in gametes(sex cells)

Front 10

What is the purpose of the pedigree chart?

Back 10

Allows for visualization of important elements of the inheritance patterns of each family member

Front 11

Define genetic locus

Back 11

Specific location of a gene

Front 12

define allele

Back 12

Alternate form of a gene at a particular locus

Front 13

Trait that appears whenever allele is present

Back 13

Autosomal dominant

Front 14

What is the purpose of the punnett square?

Back 14

illustrates probabilities of phenotypes from known or inferred genotypes.

Front 15

Must be homozygous for alleles to express the trait

Back 15

Autosomal recessive

Front 16

law that refers to transmission of a trait in a predictable fashion from one generation to the next

Back 16

Independent segregation

Front 17

Define Antithetical

Back 17

opposite

Front 18

Polymorphic

Back 18

having two or more alleles at a given locus

Front 19

males inherit trait from carrier mother

Back 19

sex-linked recessive

Front 20

Genes that do not produce a detectable antigen product

Back 20

silent genes

Front 21

expressed when passed from father to daughter

Back 21

sex-linked dominant

Front 22

Random behavior of genes on separate chromosomes during meiosis that results in a mixture of different genetic material in the offspring

Back 22

Independent assortment

Front 23

What are the mendelian principles?

Back 23

Law of independent assortment and Law of independent segregation

Front 24

Expresses characteristics of both genes

Back 24

Codominant

Front 25

What is the purpose of calculating combined phenotypes?

Back 25

to estimate the number of units that may need to be tested to find red cell units with certain antigenic characteristics

Front 26

Calculate the number of units of blood that need to be screen for the following percentages of antibodies: 70% anti-K, 34% anti- Jkb, 25% anti- Fya and the patient needs 2 units.

Back 26

33 or if you round up 34 units need to be screened

Front 27

Recessive

Back 27

gene that is only expressed when inherited by both parents

Front 28

Gene that is expressed over another gene

Back 28

Dominant

Front 29

Gene that does not express a detectable product ex. Type O does not have any ABO red cell antigens

Back 29

amorphic

Front 30

Chromosomes other than sex chromosomes

Back 30

autosomes

Front 31

Three methods of parentage testing

Back 31

DNA, ABO, HLA

Front 32

binding of two single-stranded DNA segments by base pair sequences

Back 32

Hybridization

Front 33

4 uses of molecular testing techniques

Back 33

tissue typing, paternity testing, recombinant technology for reagent and pharmaceutical manufacture, viral marker testing

Front 34

Testing based on the principle that alleles a child possesses must either be inherited by the mother or the father.

Back 34

Parentage testing

Front 35

Replicates DNA or RNA, used in cases which amount of nucleic acid is too low.

Back 35

Amplification

Front 36

Purpose of primers in PCR

Back 36

Mark the sequence to be amplified and provide initiation site for Taq polymerase

Front 37

Genotype is composed of identical genes

Back 37

homozygous

Front 38

Trans Genes

Back 38

Genes inherited on opposite chromosomes of a homologous pair

Front 39

Two or more genes that are on a chromosome of a homologous pair

Back 39

Cis Genes

Front 40

Purpose of Taq polymerase

Back 40

synthesizes new strands of DNA

Front 41

genotype contains two different genes

Back 41

heterozygous

Front 42

Thermus aquaticus

Back 42

a bacteria that the enzyme Taq DNA polymerase is obtained.

Front 43

Crossing Over

Back 43

The exchange of genetic material during meiosis

Front 44

Test used for amplification of DNA

Back 44

PCR

Front 45

Purpose of PCR

Back 45

Testing donor blood for infectious diseases

Front 46

Function of the thermal cycler in PCR

Back 46

To raise and lower the temperature quickly as required.

Front 47

Linked Genes

Back 47

Inheritance of two genes because of their closeness on a chromosome

Front 48

Amplified target sequence of DNA produced by PCR

Back 48

Amplicon

Front 49

A=p a=q

p = .6
what is the probability of the population being AA, Aa, aa?

Back 49

AA= 36%, Aa= 48%, aa= 16 %

Front 50

Individuals who have heterozygous inheritance have weaker reactions with reagents, what is this known as?

Back 50

Dosage

Front 51

What is the function of RFLP

Back 51

To determine the difference in the patterns of fragments produced by cutting the length of DNA with restriction endonuclease.

Front 52

Linked set of genes; inherited together due to their proximity on the chromosome

Back 52

Haplotype

Front 53

Purpose for RFLP

Back 53

Paternity testing, HLA profiles in transplantation studies