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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are five characteristics of the Rh blood group system?
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Highly complex, polymorphic, second most important blood group system in complexity, contains approximately 50 antigens, but only 5 principle antigens.
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What is the history of the Rh system?
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In 1939 Levine and Stetson transfused blood from a ABO compatible husband to a pregnant mother and killed her and the baby. Then realized there was another blood group. Rh was name from the testing on Rhesus monkeys by Landsteiner in 1940
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What are the Five main Rh antigens?
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D, C, c, E, e
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What are two ways a D- individual can form anti- D antibodies?
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transfusion and pregnancy
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Differentiate between Wiener and Fisher-Race nomenclature?
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Wiener theory is based on belief of inheritance of Rh system on a single gene Locus; Fisher-Race theory is based on belief on inheritance of three separate genes that make up the Rh system.
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Translate R0, R1, R2, Rz, r, r', r", ry
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Dce, DCe, DcE, DCE, ce, Ce, cE, CE
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What are the Rh frequencies in whites from greatest to least?
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DCe, ce, DcE, Dce
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Characteristics of the D antigen?
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Most immunogenic of the Rh system, 85% of D negative people will for an anti-D antibody when transfused with D positive blood, and can be used in the same testing phase as anti- A and anti-B.
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What are some causes of weak D?
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Genetics, position effect, partial D
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What are the Rh frequencies in blacks from greatest to least?
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Dce, ce, Ce, DcE
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Reasons to perform weak D testing?
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AABB requires that all donor red cells that do not directly agglutinate with anti-D reagents are tested for weak D, Weak D positive individuals are to be only transfused with D positive blood.
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What is the purpose of D control?
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To verify that the positive result is not due to the red cells already being coated with antibodies.
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What is cis-product antigen?
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When c and e are inherited as a haplotype, f is also inherited. When is in not inherited as a haplotype, f is not inherited.
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What is the G antigen?
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Almost all genes that code for C or D, also code for G. Cell that are negative for C and D are also negative for G.
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What is the importance in testing for G antigen?
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Individuals with anti-G should receive cells that are negative for D and C antigens.
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An absence of a particular blood group system from the red cell membrane is referred to as a?
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Null Phenotype
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A person who has no reaction with anti-E, anti-e, anti-C, and anti-c but have strong D antigen activity is referred to as?
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D-Deletion
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similar to Rh null, but red cells lack most but not all Rh antigen expression
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Rh mod
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Six characteristics of Rh antibodies are?
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usually formed from exposure to Rh antigens, Most are IgG and bind at 37*C, agglutination is observed by IAT,( enhanced by LISS, PeG, proteolytic enzymes), antibodies to C,c,E, and e show dosage ( react more with homozygous), not associated with complement activation.
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What is HDN?
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hemolytic disease of the newborn
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Purpose for Rhogam?
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Given to mother that are D negative so that they do not form antibodies to D. This lets the mother have more than one baby. It is given to mothers as a shot at 28 week gestation and again within 72 hrs of birth.
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Correlate anti- E with anti-c formation?
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IF anti-E is present, it is often accompanied by anti-c, so it is a common practice for many blood banks to screen units for both.
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