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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which formed elements are the most abundant in the human blood smear slides?
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Erythrocytes/red blood cells are the msot abundant in the human blood smear slides
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What is the name given to the process of RBC production?
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Erythropoiesis
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What hormone acts as a stimulus for the process of Erythropoiesis?
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Erythropoietin
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What organ provides Erythropoietin and under what conditions?
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kidney when not enough oxygen is going to the tissue; kidney produces erythropoietin which stimulates the process of erythropoiesis which is the process of RBC production
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Define Hematocrit.
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Hematocrit refers to the percentage of total blood volume consisting of red blood cells.
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If you had high hematocrit, would you expect your hemoglobin determination to be high or low? Why?
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If I had high hematocrit, I would expect my hemoglobin determination to also be high because there is a high percentage of erythrocytes in the blood
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What is an anticoagulant? What is the body's natural anticoagulant?
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anticoagulant prevents the blood from clotting. The body's natural anticoagulant is heparin.
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What determines whether blood is bright red or a dull brick red?
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The level of oxygen
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What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell? How does its anucleate condition affect this lifespan?
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100-200 days. Its anucleate condition affects this lifespan because it does not reproduce.
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What type of donor can donate to all blood types?
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O-
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What type of recipient can receive all blood types?
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AB+
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What antigens? for a type B-
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B antigens
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What antigens? for Type O+
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rH
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What antigens? for Type AB-
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A and B antigens
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What antigens? for Type A+
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rH and A antigens
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Type B+ antibodies?
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A antibodies
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Type O+ antibodies?
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A or B antibodies
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Type AB- antibodies?
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no antibodies
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Type A- antibodies?
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B antibodies
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What blood type does someone have if he/she has anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh antibody?
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O- blood type
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Suppose a father and a mother claim they have been giving the wrong baby at the hospital. Both parents are blood type A- The baby they have been given is blood type O-. Could the baby in fact belong to them?
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Yes, if both parents are AO-
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Eugene has type O+ blood, and Matilda has type AB+ blood. Could they have a child that is Rh negative?
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Yes, they both could be heterozygous for the Rh factor
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Explain why an Rh- person does not have a transfusion reaction on the first exposure to Rh+ blood but does have a reaction on the second exposure?
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Between exposures, they build up antibodies to the Rh protein.
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What happens when an ABO blood type is mismatched on the first time?
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Coagulation, aggulation
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What is anemia? Which blood measurements provide information on a possible anemic condition?
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Low number of RBCs or erythrocytes. Hemotocrit can be used to measure RBC#
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What is leukemia?
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abnormally high number of White blood cells or leukocytes.
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How is leukemia diagnosed?
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Diagnosed by characterizing a blood smear (look for increased # of white blood cells)
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what symptoms would you expect in a person with leukemia?
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physical exam for swollen lymph nodes, biopsy bone marrow
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What is sickle cell anemia?
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Genetic disease of RBCs. Recessive allele that modifies the structure of hemoglobin. Homozygous for HbS; in low O2 concentrations HbS causes cell elongation and sickle shape, cell stickiness causes aggulation and blocked vessels.
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How is sickle cell anemia diagnosed?
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Examine shape of RBCs under low oxygen, also deformed under normal oxygen appear thorny.
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What symptoms would you expect?
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Pain, kidney, or heart failure, paralysis, stroke due to inability of RBCs to carry oxygen and function properly
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Polycythemia occurs in patients with chronic emphysema. Explain the mechanism responsible for this response.
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Lots of RBCs due to lack of oxygen sensed by kidneys stimulating EPO to increase RBC production.
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How does hemoglobin carry both oxygen and carbon dioxide?
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Carries them on heme group, drops off oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide.
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Why is inhaling automobile exhaust fumes (carbon monoxide) life threatening?
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Hemoglobin has very high affinity for carbon monoxide resulting in lots of CO binding, preventing oxygen from binding as CO does not dissociate from hemoglobin well.
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Explain why women typically have lower total red blood cell counts and hemoglobin compared to men
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Androgens in men stimulate RBC production, women have periodic menstrual losses of blood
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