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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What percentage of blood is occupied by cells?
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45% of erythrocytes plus less than 1% buffy coat (leukocytes and platelets)
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What percentage of blood is occupied by plasma?
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55% of the whole blood
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What percentage of blood is occupied by buffy coat (leukocytes and platelets)?
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Less than 1%
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What do you call the percentage of the blood volume that consists of erythrocytes?
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Hematocrit
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What are the components of plasma?
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90% water, ion, sugars, amino acids, lipids, wastes, ammonia and carbon dioxide, oxygen, hormones, vitamins and three types of proteins.
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Name 3 proteins in the plasma and its function.
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Albumin- prevent water from diffusing
Globulins-antibody, transport lipids, iron, and copper Fibrinogen-blood clotting |
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What are formed elements of blood?
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Eruthrocytes
Leukocytes Platelets |
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What is the purpose of erythrocytes?
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Delivering oxygen from the lungs to body tissues via the blood.
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What is unique about the structure of eurythrocytes?
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No neucleus (more room for O2)
No mitochondria (O2 preserved) 97% hemoglobin Biconcave shape provide more surface. |
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How many molecules of oxygen can be carried on one molecule of hemoglobin?
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Four oxygen molecules.
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Can RBCs carry carbon dioxide?
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It carries 20% opf carbon dioxide.
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What is the life span of erythrocytes?
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100-120 days. It is very efficient for 30-60 days.
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What do you call the inherited anemias characterized by insufficient production of one polypoptide chain of hemoglobin?
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Thalassemia
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Define leukocytes.
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Mobile army that continuously protects the body from infectious microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites).
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What do you call the process that leukocytes leave the capillaries by squeezing between the endothelial cells?
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Diapedesis
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What do you call the condition, if leukocytes in the body is more than 11,000 per cubic millimeter?
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Leukocytosis
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State 5 types of leukocytes.
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Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils Lymphocytes,Monocytes
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State the two groups 5 leukocytes are divided into.
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Granulocytes
Agranulocytes |
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Function of neutrophils.
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Phagocytosis
Release of bacterial destroying substance |
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Function of eosinophils
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Fighting parasites
Ending allergic reactions |
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Character and function of basophils
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Dark purple. Bilobed.
Inflammation mediating. Secretes hystamine. |
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State the function of lymphocytes.
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Fight infectious organism (Immunity)
It removes pathogen and remember the pathogen (you don't get the same cold twice) |
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State the character and function of monocytes.
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Often kidney shaped or horseshoe shaped nucleus. Large.
Macrophage |
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Put 5 leukocytes in order according to the number of existance. More to less.
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Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
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What is the purpose and general structure of thrombocytes?
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Blood clotting.
Disk-shaped, non-nucleated blood elements with a very fragile membrane. Formed in the red bone marrow by fragmentation of megakaryocytes |
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What is a protein with blood clotting property in thrombocytes?
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Fibrinogen
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What do you call the process blood cells are formed?
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Hematopoiesis
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What do you call undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to develop into any one of numerous cell types?
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Blood stem cell
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What is the two type of progenitor (ancestor) cells that blood stem cells produce?
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Lymphoid stem cells
Myeloid stem cells |
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What kind of blood cells lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells become?
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Lymphoid S.C.- B Lymphocyte
T Lumphocyte Myeloid S.C.-Erythrocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Monocyte |
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Define thalassaemia.
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Inherited disorders characterized by reduced or absent amounts of hemoglobin
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Define polycythemia
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A condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
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List two different types of polycythemia. Treatment.
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Cancer of bone marrow (too many eurythrocytes)
Increased viscosity of the blood. Treated by dilution. |
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Define sickl cell disease.
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Genetic disorder characterized by deformed hemoglobin in the RBCs.
When oxygen in the RBC is low, it crystalizes, causing severe anemia. Deformed sickled erythrocytes cannot pass capillaries, and it causes pain. |
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Define leukemia.
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A form of cancer resulting from the uncrontrolled proliferation of a leukocyte forming cell line in the bone marrow.
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Define thrombocytopenia
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An abnormally low concentration of platelets in the blood. Diminished clot formation. Slight cut will make hemorrhage.
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What causes thrombocytopenia?
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Damage to the bone marrow
Chemotherapy Vitamin B12 deficiency leukemia overactivity of the spleen |
