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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The main function of blood is
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Transport
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The formula for calculation of blood volume is
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Blood volume in liters = .08 x Weight in kilograms
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John weighs 100 kgs. His blood volume is ?
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BV = .08 x 100 = 8 liters
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Blood is composed of what two kinds of tissue?
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Formed elements and unformed elements
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Formed elements include?
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Cells and parts of cells (Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets)
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What is "unformed" elements in blood?
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PLASMA - What's left in the blood after the RBC's WBC's and Platelets are removed. There are NO CELLS in plasma! (by definition)
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How many different stem cells give rise to RBC's WBC's and Platelets
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ONE RBC's, WBC's and Platelets all come from the same stem cell
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Define hematocrit
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The hematocrit is the percent of blood occupied by RBC's
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Which is the main cell found in blood?
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RBC's make up 99% of the formed elements
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RBC is a bag of
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Hemoglobin
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What cellular organelles are found in a RBC?
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No Nucleus, mitochondria, or endoplasmic reticulum- it's a bag of hemoglobin
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Where are RBC's made?
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In adults, RBC's are made in the bone marrow
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How long is the life span of a RBC?
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120 days
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What stimulates the formation of RBC's?
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Erythropoietin (EPO)
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What makes Erythropoietin?
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The kidney
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What does the kidney measure to regulate EPO release?
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The oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
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What happens to old RBC's?
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The are destroyed in the spleen, and the contents recycled.
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What is the structure of hemoglobin
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Four protein chains, each with a HEME group. Each HEME group has an iron atom. The O2 binds to the iron atom.
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What are the nutritional requirements for hemoglobin production?
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Iron, Folic acid, and vitamin B12
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A normal hematocrit is ?
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around 45%, 30% or less is quite low
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A normal hemoglobin concentration is?
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Around 15%, 10% or less is quite low
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A normal WBC count is
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Between 5,000 and 10,000 cells/mm3
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What controls WBC production?
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Colony stimulating factor
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What do we call a WBC count that includes measuring the different types of WBC's?
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A differential count, or a "diff"
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What are the three types of granulocyte WBC's?
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neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
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What does a neutrophil do?
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Neutrophils are a first responder to infections!
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What does an eosinophil do?
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Eosinophils are parasite fighters, AND are involved with allergies.
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What does a basophil do?
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Basophils made heparin and histamine to provoke inflammation.
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What are the two types of agranulocytes?
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Lymphocytes and Monocytes
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What do lymphocytes do?
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There are TWO kinds. Both fight infections.
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What does a B lymphocyte do?
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It makes antibody.
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What does a T lymphocyte do?
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IT provides cell-mediated immunity. It KILLS cells.
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What do monocytes do?
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Monocytes become macrophages.
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What do we call the process white blood cells use to get out of the capillaries?
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Diapedesis
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What is the word for the attraction of white blood cells to the site where they are needed?
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Chemotaxis
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What do platelets do?
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They are involved in hemostasis "stopping bleeding"
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What is a normal platelet count?
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130,000 to 300,000 platelets / mm3
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How do platelets differ in structure from the other formed elements?
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Platelets are PARTS of cells.
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What cell gives rise to platelets?
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Megakaryocytes.
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Where are platelets made?
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In the bone marrow.
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Where is albumin made?
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Liver
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What does albumin do?
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Among other things, albumin provides the colloid osmotic pressure.
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What is the purpose of colloid osmotic pressure?
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It helps to keep fluid from leaking out of blood vessels.
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What is the purpose of lipoprotein?
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To carry fats.
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What is the purpose of gamma globulins?
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Gamma globulins provide our immune response (antibodies))
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The function of the RBC is ? |
Carry oxygen |
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The function of the WBC is? |
Defense against infections |